(2020, August 25). Its only remaining function was, after the senate had 'elected' the magistrates, to hear the renuntiatio,[19] The renuntiatio had no legal purpose, but instead was a ceremony in which the results of the election were read to the electors. Laws were passed (and magistrates elected) by Curia (in the Curiate Assembly), Tribes (in the Tribal Assembly), and century (in the Centuriate Assembly). Ten Roman emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings: Herennius Etruscus (251), Hostilian (251), Decius (249251), Claudius II (268-270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270275), Probus (276282), Maximian (285310), Constantius II (337361), and Gratian (367383). List of Rulers of the Roman Empire. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. This is the list of military alliances. Find all the latest real-time sports coverage, live reports, analysis and comment on Telegraph Sport. Find out how Rome began, learn about different Roman emperors and discover what people in Rome did for fun. Find out below about some of the emperors who influenced Britain. The era is conventionally divided between the Western Han (202 BC 9 AD) and Eastern Han (25220 AD) periods.. This Roman epic poem told the story of the civil war involving Caesar and the Roman Senate which had taken place in 48 BC. [8] A convention (conventio), in contrast, was an unofficial forum for communication, where citizens gathered to debate bills, campaign for office, and decide judicial cases. Purugupta: 467472: Kumaragupta II Kramaditya: 472479: Buddhagupta: 479496: He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns out of the fertile plains of Northern India. The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. McEvedy, Cities of the Classical World, (London: Allen Lane, 2011), p. 346. Eventually, however, the assemblies were abandoned. For example, the Hongwu Emperor is frequently referred to as Ming Taizu. The collection of Roman portraiture in The Metropolitan Museum of Art spans the full scope of the subject, from the time of the Roman Republic to the reign of Constantine the Great ().The collection comprises examples in a variety of media, most significantly sculpture and coins (08.170.118; 08.170.120; 99.35.177), but also gems (), glass, and painting (). Gamaliel VI (400425) on 17 October 415, an edict issued by the Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II deposed Gamaliel VI as nasi. [16][17][18] A colossal building about 150m wide and 450m long lies directly under the Sremska Mitrovica town center and just beside the old Sirmium Emperor's Palace (one of just a few Sirmium publicly accessible archeological sites). The king presided over the assembly, and submitted decrees to it for ratification. The emperor ruled over the Roman Empire, a bit like a king. Year Date Event Source 406: December 31: Battle of Mainz, Crossing of the Rhine: 450: King Chlodio of the Salian Franks died. The eastern part of Illyricum remained a separate prefecture under the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire with its new capital in Thessalonica. Under the presidency of a Plebeian Tribune (the chief representative of the people), the Plebeian Council elected Plebeian Tribunes and Plebeian Aediles (the Plebeian Tribune's assistant), enacted laws called plebiscites, and presided over judicial cases involving Plebeians. Following the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, members of the Ming imperial family continued to rule parts of southern China until 1662; this regime is known as the Southern Ming in historiography. [3] The members in each curia would vote, and the majority in each curia would determine how that curia voted before the assembly. From its introduction to the Republic, during the third century BC, well into Imperial times, Roman currency saw many changes in form, denomination, and composition. From its introduction to the Republic, during the third century BC, well into Imperial times, Roman currency saw many changes in form, denomination, and composition. Purugupta: 467472: Kumaragupta II Kramaditya: 472479: Buddhagupta: 479496: He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns out of the fertile plains of Northern India. Find out about the Roman Emperors. Treaty of Defensive Alliance (BoliviaPeru), CzechoslovakSoviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance, Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, Mutual Defense Treaty (United StatesPhilippines), Mutual Defense Treaty (United StatesSouth Korea), Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty, Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support, Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, U.S.Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement, Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Luhansk People's Republic, Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic, UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity, Japan-Australia Reciprocal Access Agreement, United States-Israel Strategic Partnership, "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. Between 347 and 358 there were four synods held in Sirmium. This Roman epic poem told the story of the civil war involving Caesar and the Roman Senate which had taken place in 48 BC. While its primary purpose was to elect new kings, it also possessed rudimentary legislative powers. One of these pieces became the heart of France, and French monarchs would struggle to build a new This is a chronologically ordered list of Roman emperors. Continued development in Roman portrait styles was spurred by the philosopher-emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161180 A.D.) and his son Commodus (r. 177192 A.D.), whose portraits feature new levels of psychological expression that reflect changes not only in the emperors physical state but their mental condition as well. Menu. The latter had been established by the great Charlemagne but began splitting into pieces soon after his death. Early Roman Emperors. Antl-Weiser, Walpurga (2009). The emperors of the Han dynasty were the supreme heads of government during the second imperial dynasty of China; the Han dynasty (202 BC 220 AD) followed the Qin dynasty (221206 BC) and preceded the Three Kingdoms (220265 AD). Following coalition negotiations between SPD, Greens, and FDP, a. Germany will remove all of their nuclear power plants. Augustus maintained a facade of Republican rule, rejecting monarchical titles but calling himself princeps senatus (first man of the Senate) and princeps civitatis (first citizen of the state). The Han dynasty Home. A state religion (also called religious state or official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state), while not secular, is not necessarily a theocracy.State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the state does not need to be under the control of Following the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, members of the Ming imperial family continued to rule parts of southern Email. So far revealed are eight early Christian churches dedicated to St. Irenaeus, St. Demetrius and Sv. The title of Augustus was conferred [19] After it had lost all of these powers, it had no remaining authority. Of this extraordinary rare find of Sirmium minted coins were 4 Constantius II era coins, considered the most valuable examples from the late Roman Empire of the fourth century AD. It was an important social and legal structure in early Roman history. News, fixtures, scores and video. KS2 History Roman Empire learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. The king presided over the assembly, and submitted decrees to it for ratification. The distinguishing characteristic of a gens was the nomen gentilicium, or gentile name.Every member of a gens, whether by birth or The collection of Roman portraiture in The Metropolitan Museum of Art spans the full scope of the subject, from the time of the Roman Republic to the reign of Constantine the Great ().The collection comprises examples in a variety of media, most significantly sculpture and coins (08.170.118; 08.170.120; 99.35.177), but also gems (), glass, and painting (). Please select which sections you would like to print: This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-Roman-emperors-2043294. In 441 the Huns conquered Sirmium; for more than a century it was held by various other tribes, such as the Ostrogoths and Gepids. [19] Eventually, most freedmen belonged to one of the four urban Tribes, while most freemen belonged to one of the thirty-one rural Tribes. A persistent feature was the inflationary debasement and replacement of coins over the centuries. Wilde, Robert. His descendants would later fracture the empire. For the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire after the division of the Empire in West and East, see List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars (3301453). The Tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical divisions (similar to modern U.S. Congressional districts or Commonwealth Parliamentary constituencies). However, Zhu Benli's identity and existence are disputed, and Zhu Youlang is generally taken to be the last emperor of Southern Ming. The Roman emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, and Claudius II prepared war expeditions in Sirmium. The last known bishop is mentioned in a papal letter of 594, after which the city itself is rarely mentioned and the see probably went into abeyance. His younger brother, the Jingtai Emperor assumed the throne and as a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Emperor Yingzong who returned to live in seclusion. The gens (plural gentes) was a Roman family, of Italic or Etruscan origins, consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. The latter had been established by the great Charlemagne but began splitting into pieces soon after his death. In the early empire, the tribal divisions of citizens and freedmen continued, but the only political purpose of the tribal divisions was such that they better enabled the senate to maintain a list of citizens. 1. The king presided over the assembly, and submitted decrees to it for ratification. The Complete Roman Empire Timeline. The city was also the location of the Battle of Sirmium that took place in 1167, where a Roman army dispatched by Manuel I Komnenos decisively defeated the forces of Hungary, turning the latter into a satellite state. [19] The assembly ratified imperial decrees, starting with the emperor Augustus, and continuing until the emperor Domitian. This is a chronological list of the leaders who have ruled France; the dates given are the periods of said rule. Those who have a checking or savings account, but also use financial alternatives like check cashing services are considered underbanked. Roman currency for most of Roman history consisted of gold, silver, bronze, orichalcum and copper coinage. How to Cite this Article. Omissions? In the process of decline, it has been thought that Roman religion embraced Home. [17] While it had the power to pass ordinary laws (leges), it rarely did so. : 451: 20 June: Battle of the Catalaunian Plains: The Franks joined a coalition led by the Western Roman Empire which defeated the Roman Emperors. The emperor ruled over the Roman Empire, a bit like a king. The title of Augustus was conferred [citation needed] Sirmium had two bridges with which bridged the river Sava, Ad Basanti and Artemida's bridges according to historical sources. The second type of assembly was the council (concilium), which was an assembly of a specific group of citizens. Other Ming claimants included Zhu Benli, Prince of Han (16461663) and Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai (16481661). [7] Here, Roman citizens gathered to enact laws, elect magistrates, and try judicial cases. Judah IV (385400) in 395, the Roman Empire split into east and west and Palestine passed under the eastern Byzantine Empire. List of Rulers of the Roman Empire. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. In 504, Ostrogothic Count Pitzas under Theoderic the Great took Sirmium. The standard view of paganism (traditional city-based polytheistic Graeco-Roman religion) in the empire has long been one of decline beginning in the second and first centuries BCE.Decline was interrupted by the short-lived Restoration under the emperor Augustus (reign 63 BC AD 14), then it resumed. Narasimhagupta Baladitya: 496530: Kumaragupta III: 530540 "The Rulers of France: From 840 Until 2017." The temple name appearing on the Internet has no source, Not an actual era name, but used in place of an era name and served a similar function; Jianguo literally means "regency", List of vassals prince peerages of Ming dynasty, Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Ming_dynasty&oldid=1125215811, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Great-great-grandfather of the Hongwu Emperor. : 451: 20 June: Battle of the Catalaunian Plains: The Franks joined a coalition led by the Western Roman Empire which defeated the KS2 History Roman Empire learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. After a king died, the Interrex selected a candidate to replace the king. There are three different ways you can cite this article. Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. Watch: Roman Emperors. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ancient Rome, the Archaeology of the Eternal City, Edited by Jon Coulston and Hazel dodge, 2008, pp. Find all the latest real-time sports coverage, live reports, analysis and comment on Telegraph Sport. The gens (plural gentes) was a Roman family, of Italic or Etruscan origins, consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. Continued development in Roman portrait styles was spurred by the philosopher-emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161180 A.D.) and his son Commodus (r. 177192 A.D.), whose portraits feature new levels of psychological expression that reflect changes not only in the emperors physical state but their mental condition as well. [16] The president of the Tribal Assembly was usually a Consul,[13] and under his presidency, the assembly elected Quaestors, Curule Aediles, and Military Tribunes. The Roman emperors were the rulers of the Roman Empire from the granting of the name and title Augustus to Octavian by the Roman Senate in 27 BC onward. Thus, under the empire, the chief executive again became the chief lawgiver, which was a power he had not held since the days of the early republic. [4] After the nominee received the approval of the Roman Senate, the Interrex held the formal election before the Curiate Assembly. By virtue of his tribunician powers, the emperor had absolute control over the council. Members of the aristocratic patrician class were excluded from this assembly. The Yongle Emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.. For centuries it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. The Roman emperors were the rulers of the Roman Empire from the granting of the name and title Augustus to Octavian by the Roman Senate in 27 BC onward. Luh is from Cambridge History of China; Lou is from A.C. Moule's Rulers of China (1957). Around 2,000 years ago, Britain was ruled by tribes of people called the Celts.But this was about to change. Archaeologists have found traces of organized human life on the site of Sirmium dating from 5,000BC. The Centuriate Assembly was the assembly of the Centuries, while the Tribal Assembly was the assembly of the Tribes. National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. No one came out well. The Doge of Venice (/ d o d / DOHJ; Venetian: Doxe de Venexia [dze de vensja]; Italian: Doge di Venezia [dde di venttsja]; all derived from Latin dux, "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian Duca), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 and 1797.. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the [2] The functions of the other assembly, the Calate Assembly, were purely religious. [11][12] During a vote, the Centuries voted, one at a time, by order of seniority. Early Roman Emperors. 1. The Valois dynasty would fight the Hundred Years War with England and, at times, looked like they were losing their thrones, and then found themselves facing religious division. The standard view of paganism (traditional city-based polytheistic Graeco-Roman religion) in the empire has long been one of decline beginning in the second and first centuries BCE.Decline was interrupted by the short-lived Restoration under the emperor Augustus (reign 63 BC AD 14), then it resumed. Judah IV (385400) in 395, the Roman Empire split into east and west and Palestine passed under the eastern Byzantine Empire. ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/rulers-of-france-840-until-2015-3861418. The title of Augustus was conferred National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances. For the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire after the division of the Empire in West and East, see List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars (3301453). The Roman Assemblies were institutions in ancient Rome. Reddit. News, fixtures, scores and video. Wilde, Robert. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/rulers-of-france-840-until-2015-3861418. Those who have a checking or savings account, but also use financial alternatives like check cashing services are considered underbanked. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. Sinenot. The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns.Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines, fountains, and private households; it also supported mining operations, milling, farms, and gardens.. Aqueducts moved water through gravity alone, along a slight overall downward Watch full episodes, specials and documentaries with National Geographic TV channel online. Continued development in Roman portrait styles was spurred by the philosopher-emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161180 A.D.) and his son Commodus (r. 177192 A.D.), whose portraits feature new levels of psychological expression that reflect changes not only in the emperors physical state but their mental condition as well. The Legislative Assemblies of the Roman Kingdom were political institutions in the ancient Roman Kingdom. All dealt with the Arian controversy. There are three different ways you can cite this article. The Third Republic bought stability in terms of the structure of government and managed to adapt to the First World War. [7] For example, the "Plebeian Council" was an assembly where Plebeians gathered to elect Plebeian magistrates, pass laws that applied only to Plebeians, and try judicial cases concerning Plebeians. Louis Philippe became king, chiefly thanks to the work of his sister; he would fall from grace shortly after she was no longer around to help. Watch full episodes, specials and documentaries with National Geographic TV channel online. Judah IV (385400) in 395, the Roman Empire split into east and west and Palestine passed under the eastern Byzantine Empire. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. [3] The amount of grain imported between 1 AD and 400 AD was enough to feed 700,000 to 1 million people.[4]. In 1644, the Prince of Fu (), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong. While the machinery of the Centuriate Assembly continued to exist well into the life of the empire,[19] the assembly lost all of its practical relevance. Narasimhagupta Baladitya: 496530: Kumaragupta III: 530540 A persistent feature was the inflationary debasement and replacement of coins over the centuries. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Timeline of notable events in the history of Germany and its predecessor states. Find out below about some of the emperors who influenced Britain. [13], From the time of the first synod of Tyre in 335, Sirmium became a stronghold of the Arian movement and site of much controversy. The first known bishop was Irenaeus, who was martyred during the Diocletianic Persecution in 304. How to Cite this Article. Kulturkampf: The First Mitigation Law was passed, resuming government payments to, Automobiles with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were produced independently by, World War I: A German delegation signed the, Mercedes wins their first championship against Red Bull in. The Complete Roman Empire Timeline. They functioned as the machinery of the Roman legislative branch, and thus (theoretically at least) passed all legislation. The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Empire.Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure, Watch full episodes, specials and documentaries with National Geographic TV channel online. Crown Prince who never acceded to the throne. This is a timeline of German history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Germany and its predecessor states. France had to be rebuilt after the war, and that started with deciding on the new government. Recently announced cultural and archeological projects for preserving and popularising Sirmium sites haven't included any activity dealing with the arena, probably due to the extent of the large arena the entire present town center might have to be excavated. The mint in Sirmium was connected with the mint in Salona and silver mines in the Dinaric Alps through the Via Argentaria. The two characters are both pronounced Lu but with different tones; to distinguish them in Roman script, one is usually kept as Lu and the other spelled differently. By professor Luiz Gustavo Kaercher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_assemblies&oldid=1098699718, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 July 2022, at 02:55. In 296, Diocletian reorganized Pannonia into four provinces: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Secunda, with Sirmium becoming the capital of Pannonia Secunda. Not an internationally recognized nation, It would have been part of the Roman province of Judaea. Although the royal numbering starts with Louis, he was not a king of France but the heir to an empire which covered much of central Europe. Around 2,000 years ago, Britain was ruled by tribes of people called the Celts.But this was about to change. As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Ming, to avoid confusion. The president of the Centuriate Assembly was usually a Roman Consul (the chief magistrate of the republic). Gamaliel VI (400425) on 17 October 415, an edict issued by the Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II deposed Gamaliel VI as nasi. It was an important social and legal structure in early Roman history. It was also the capital of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum and of Pannonia Secunda. France developed out of the Frankish kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire, and more directly, out of the declining Carolingian Empire. Email. Roman Emperors. This is a chronologically ordered list of Roman emperors. He joined them with Noricum and Dalmatia to establish the Diocese of Pannonia, with Sirmium as its capital also. ThoughtCo. Those who have a checking or savings account, but also use financial alternatives like check cashing services are considered underbanked. The Doge of Venice (/ d o d / DOHJ; Venetian: Doxe de Venexia [dze de vensja]; Italian: Doge di Venezia [dde di venttsja]; all derived from Latin dux, "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian Duca), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 and 1797.. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. A state religion (also called religious state or official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state), while not secular, is not necessarily a theocracy.State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the state does not need to be under the control of [1] All of the People of Rome were divided amongst a total of thirty curiae. This timeline of key events in the life of Julius Caesar will help you better understand arguably the most memorable and powerful emperor of all time. Under the empire, all gatherings of the Centuriate Assembly were in the form of an unsorted convention. The Council issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed The restoration of the royal family was a compromise, but France remained in social and political flux, leading to yet another change of house. [18] However, by 287 BC, laws passed by the Plebeian Council had acquired the full force of law, and from that point on, most legislation came from the council. https://www.thoughtco.com/rulers-of-france-840-until-2015-3861418 (accessed December 11, 2022). [3] Ming prince Zhu Shugui carried out his duties in the Kingdom of Tungning in the name of the last Southern Ming emperor until 1683. For the next century, the sequence of bishops is known, but in the fifth and sixth centuries the see falls into obscurity. The modern region of Syrmia (Srem or Srijem) was named after the city. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.. For centuries it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. Tweet. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. After the Curiate Assembly elected the new king, and the senate ratified that election, the Interrex then presided over the assembly as it voted on the law which granted the king his legal powers (the lex curiata de imperio). This is a chronologically ordered list of Roman emperors. In the process of decline, it has been thought that Roman religion embraced Purugupta: 467472: Kumaragupta II Kramaditya: 472479: Buddhagupta: 479496: He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns out of the fertile plains of Northern India. The distinguishing characteristic of a gens was the nomen gentilicium, or gentile name.Every member of a gens, whether by birth or [19] All judicial powers that had been held by the republican Centuriate Assembly were transferred to independent jury courts, and under the emperor Tiberius, all of its former electoral powers were transferred to the senate. Following the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, members of the Ming imperial family continued to rule parts of southern To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: The French Revolution swept away the monarch and killed their king and queen; the Terror which followed the twisting of the revolutionary ideals was in no sense an improvement. Augustus maintained a facade of Republican rule, rejecting monarchical titles but calling himself princeps senatus (first man of the Senate) and princeps civitatis (first citizen of the state). Only a block of voters (Century, Tribe or Curia), and not the individual electors, cast the formal vote (one vote per block) before the assembly. 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