How to use ARRAYS in Pine Script V4 to calculate CORRELATION & COVARIANCE The Art of Trading 42.4K subscribers Subscribe 657 22K views 1 year ago Pine Script Mastery Course:. If the RSI breaks below this open value at any time, we will close the position. Here is an easy example that helps illustrate how the modulo is calculated behind the scenes: There are six comparison operators in Pine Script: Comparison operations are binary. : The example is calculated from left to right: Note that the return values on each side of the : are expressions not local blocks, so they will not affect the limit of 500 local blocks per scope. In this first example, we will just simply monitor the open value of a trade. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. : ternary operator is used to create expressions of the form: The ternary operator returns a result that depends on the value of condition. array.push (prices, close) will add a new element to the end of the prices array, increasing the array's size by one. Using this function actually means we dont have to save a variable at all! The reason we will use both valuewhen()and a ternary conditional operator is again for plotting aesthetics but you may wish to have a number of conditions that cause the stop to trail up. "EUR"+"USD" yields the "EURUSD" string. Thanks in advance for your help, we reallyyyy need it! killShort() => goLong(), if(startTime and endTime) Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Luckily, Pine Script can load data in the background. Pine has 9 fundamental data types. Would it be possible by using valuewhen? The action you just performed triggered the security solution. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. It will have individual values for each bar but its last value will always be used on each execution unless you specify otherwise. The close of the first bar in the dataset will now be close[3], close[1] will contain the price at the close of the preceding bar (the datasets second bar), // Declare `pHi` and initilize it on the first bar only. This creates a numerical option in which we enter a whole number, like 10 and 3450. Finding the original ODE using a solution, If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface. We will create a trailing stop that only moves whenever a new swing low occurs. Such cases often happen during the scripts calculations in the Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Note that due to a lag in how swings are detected the line only updates after the number of rightbarsused in the code. The value used inside the square brackets of the operator is the offset in the past we want to refer to. // Depends on values of `close` and `open`. built-in variable two bars away from the current bar, one would use volume[2]. How do we know the true value of a parameter, in order to check estimator properties? Japanese girlfriend visiting me in Canada - questions at border control? Pine Script series are thus very different from arrays and That gives access to higher time frame data from the current chart. It presents a chicken and an egg scenario that can often be tricky to figure out. Series is kinda arrays but not exactly. To tackle this problem, we check the previous valueusingrsi_close[1] ? and pushing the pre-existing elements in the series one index further away. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. RSI column in my watch list and I would like to have. rsi_closeis a little more interesting of the two. Since we want the opening price of the trade and we know that Tradingview will always fill our orders at the open of the bar, we pass the openvariable as the source. After you read that, you should understand that the following is the same thing. Pine Script makes an integer input with the input.int () function. We can also use them with volume values or oscillators to see when prices reach a relative high or low. The entry criteria are not important to understanding the concept and can safely be ignored or replaced with your own criteria. This will plot the value when the condition was true on the n-th most recent occurrence. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Let's see how we can use the bar_index variable in a TradingView script. Let's see how we implement that. Cannot call 'math.round' with argument 'precision'='close'. Pivots are detected five bars after the pivot actually occurs because our. t_open = open Can you please give an example where the condition for saving a value is not a buy (not having an active trade)? The time series concept explains how consecutive values of variables are stored in Pine Script; the "series" form denotes variables whose values can change bar to bar. format.volume lets the script plot values as a whole number (like 20 and 340 ). 4 Simple RSI Trading Strategies. The built-in function valuewhen()looks at any condition we give it and returns the value of a line (which we also give it) when the condition was last true. Without the ability to print to the terminal, we are forced to plot anything and everything we wish to inspect. then parts of the expression can be grouped together with parentheses. Note: If you are wondering what the heck a series based programming language is, it just means that webuild lines of data every time a new candle is received. One option would to count the barssince() the dayofweek == 1 and month ==1 and year == 2018 etc. Irreducible representations of a product of two groups. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. This script will produce a compilation error: The compiler will complain: Cannot call ta.ema with argument length=adjustedLength. No. All of these types exist in several forms. This can be useful if you have multiple positions open and cannot rely on printing the built-in variablestrategy.average_price. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7783ee163972920d year on each bar). y_open = open[1], if (t_close > y_open) and (t_open = 2018) and (t_close > t_open) and (y_open > y_close) To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. However, at the same time we can only calculate whether to close condition after calculating the entry_rsiline! ta.ema(). the result is also na. // get value of close on second cross occurrence To get that range of values we use ApplyRange () like this: // Calculate the position size with a minimum of 10 shares // and a maximum of 2,500 shares. Type or copy and paste the script you want to use. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. What is the highest level 1 persuasion bonus you can have? See the Execution model page for more information about the way scripts are executed on bars. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? At every realtime update, Pine Script's runtime normally resets the values of a script's variables to their last committed value, i.e., the value they held when the previous bar closed. When that says //@version=2 or higher, you can use if statements. Below is a list If these have not been declared, then we will receive an error. If we don't give a value for source, then ta.lowest () uses low prices of the chart's instrument instead. These can be integer or float values. This is the key. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, I need to recreate the function : highestbars. If statements require Pine script version 2 or higher (TradingView, n.d.). When the market for the charts symbol is open and the script is executing on the charts last bar, the realtime bar, Not the answer you're looking for? If condition is false or na, then valueWhenConditionIsFalse is returned. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Love the blog! killLong() => crossover(emaRSI, rsi), if(startTime and endTime) The + and - also serve as unary operators (means they work on one operand, like -1 or +1). valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) series, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), If your variable value comes from a fixed condition (like entering a position), we can simply use the, If you want to have finer control over when to start and stop tracking a variable, a. It will have individual values for each bar but its last value will always be used on each execution unless you specify otherwise. We can see this when we place the code on the charts! early bars of the dataset, but can also occur in later bars under certain conditions. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) strategy is based upon the eponymous technical . close will now contain the closing price of that bar, and the same close[1] valuewhen(cross(slow, fast), close, 1). All the following examples are valid variable reassignments. The method you choose will depend on how sophisticated your conditions for saving/discarding the variable needs to be: We will use cover both of these methods in a set of examples below culminating in a final example that uses both methods together. strategy.entry(Sell, strategy.short, when = goShort()) He said: When I open a position I want to store the value of an indicator at that time to use with later candles.. Japanese girlfriend visiting me in Canada - questions at border control? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. By default, this "res" variable will be set to "D" - which is short for the Daily chart timeframe. This script lets users create BUY /SELL alerts for 3commas single bots in a simple way, based on a built in set of indicators that can be tweaked to work together or separately through the study settings. This integer sets the lookback period over which Pine Script calculates the lowest value. If the expression must be calculated in a different order than precedence would dictate, Thanks for the reference, now I have a clearer idea about the series, so basic[0] is also a series. Here we can see that the trailing stop (in red) jumps up at each swing until it is taken out. Why does pine script 4 integer variable turn into a series[integer] when assigned in a loop? In this post, we will look at storing, retrieving and working with key values of interest any time within the script. Enjoying the content and thinking of subscribing to Tradingview? only share familiarity with them through their indexing syntax. To refer to the value of the volume . Instead, we just recall the correct value. For more see here: https://backtest-rookies.com/2017/09/04/tradingview-ternary-conditional-operators/. The following examples rely on entering a position. Mathematica cannot find square roots of some matrices? However, that only works if you know exactly when you want to access. Is it possible to hide or delete the new Toolbar in 13.1? thinkScript Code for Cumulative TICK Let's start by writing the code for the Cumulative TICK indicator. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. sell = strategy.position_size[0] < strategy.position_size[1], strategy.close("Sell", when = killShort() and strategy.position_avg_price < valuewhen(sell,close,0) and rsi <= valuewhen(sell,rsi,0) 5) rev2022.12.11.43106. Looking for a workaround. With that the instrument's all-time low is accessible. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, pine script percent trailing stop since trade entry, Cannot cast type pine-script error? I am particularly baffled by these two declarations: var float maxLowPrice = nz (low [1], low) var float minHighPrice = nz (high [1], high) Pine script actually provides us with built-in functions that are designed to help with these use-cases. of operators sorted by decreasing precedence: If in one expression there are several operators with the same precedence, strategy.entry(Buy, strategy.long), bought = strategy.position_size[0] > strategy.position_size[1] is not modified by the runtime environment. entry_price = open[since_entry] Operators with greater precedence are calculated first. are designed to allow for handling such cases. strategy.entry(Buy, strategy.long, when = goLong()) When applied to a true, operand the result will be false, and vice versa. So, when you use that variable, its last value will be used in the calculations. Alternatively, support us by switching to Brave using this referral link and we will receive some BAT! If you have not noticed the links yet, there is a full article on this site discussing ternary conditional operators in more detail. It is easy to see why he would want to do this. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The code in this example will actually use the same technique described in theopening a windowpost. Trying to apply this method differently and getting confused. Pine Script Types & values Operators Price and bar data If/else Work with TradingView Pine Input options Plots Price bars Alerts Date and time Symbol & chart information Working with colours Colours Background colours Script drawings Drawings Trend lines Labels Indicators Indicator settings Example indicators Trading strategies Strategy settings 1 Answer Sorted by: 3 Series is kinda arrays but not exactly. An argument of 'series float' type was used but a 'simple int' is expected; PINE SCRIPT, If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface, PSE Advent Calendar 2022 (Day 11): The other side of Christmas. which can ripple through all the way to the realtime bar. Accessing values later is useful for a number of applications. You are telling Pine Script to plot the highs and lows with the given color setting, and the given linewidth setting. Past values in Pine series are read-only, as is the past in real life. the result will also be an int. Why do quantum objects slow down when volume increases? So, when you use that variable, its last value will be used in the calculations. na represents a value which is not a number and Donate with PayPal using any payment method you are comfortable with! Variables which have been first declared, then reassigned using :=, are called mutable variables. The result should look like this: All from six lines of code! Pine Script has a variable that contains the number of the bar the script is executing on: Your IP: The + operator also serves as the concatenation operator for strings. How do I arrange multiple quotations (each with multiple lines) vertically (with a line through the center) so that they're side-by-side? Are the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average securities? The problem is that we want to want to use rsi_closeto stop updating a line when our close conditions are met. It's used widely for technical analysis and algo trading strategy development. na. I have to execute 2 observable in parallel (don't care about their output), and when they both finished -> run another observable. (This means our stop was hit). they can introduce invalid results in your scripts calculations and this time close[4] will return na. Advanced Course If you want to take your Pine Script coding to the next level, then I think you'll be interested in my Pine Script Mastery Course. For more information on this see thepine script indexingtutorial. value. My question is why do the first declaration with nz(low[1], low), why not just do var float maxLowPrice = low[1] ? low[1] is actually previous candle low and low is current candle low. I have an issue with your example, what about if we can simultaneously have one long (and only one long) and one short (and only one short) at the same time ? Its extremely helpful! We can check if we are on the last week of the month and in addition check if it's Thursday. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. the result will also be a float. Pine script was designed to be lightweight, and in most cases, you can achieve your objectives with fewer lines of code compared to other programming languages. I thought this would close the open position when the high was 5% above the entry price based on counting back the number of bars since bought and taking that open price which is the same as the entry price for that particular bar. slow = sma(close, 7) That means the " built-in " variables open , high, low and close are also just really long lists. To be more specific, we will stop updating the entry_rsi level when we close the position so it looks a little neater on the charts. Pine script currently doesn't have a trading days calendar, so it's impossible (AFAIK) to check if it's the last trading day. Relative strength (RS): the ratio of the (simple or exponential) average. to NaN). If at least one operand is na, strategy(title=Engulfing, shorttitle=Lng_Eng, overlay=false), t_close = close source (optional) is the series of data from which we want the lowest value. Why do we use perturbative series if they don't converge? When it is all put togethervaluewhen()will keep returning the same value until we buy again! y_close = close[1] To keep it simple, choosing and running the script would initiate a popup dialog to enter the initial value. rev2022.12.11.43106. . A series is just a line on the chart and we can access previous values in the series at any time. Pine Script series are thus very different from arrays and only share familiarity with them through their indexing syntax. ta.lowest () returns a float value. How to distinguish the position if one is already opened ? There are many ways to support us and some wont even cost you a penny. All that code executes when the if statement's condition tests true. Indexing in Pine-Script In pine script, every "variable" is actually a long list of stored values. The code uses the ternary conditional operator in much the same way as valuewhen(). There are three logical operators in Pine Script: The operator not is unary. and close[2], the first bar. Pine script is the native coding language of TradingView. The post this week comes courtesy of one the readers who got in touch with an interesting problem. Pine script is quite similar to Python in it's format and layout. We will keep track of this value until the trade is closed. Pine Script "Cannot call falling with arguments (series[float]), Pine Script How to comparing different types. the expression will produce a series int result, which you will not be able to use as the argument to length in The = operator is used to assign a variable when it is initialized or declared , i.e., the first time you use it. switch structure, e.g. Hi guys, I tried this earlier but to no avail: //@version=2 This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. I know TV has the compare option but Im looking to create more of a static indicator. Hello, thanks for this website, it s pretty the only documentation/examples we have for Pine scripts. This, in turn, has an impact on how and with what functions you will be allowed to use those results. You will find more information on how var works in Do bracers of armor stack with magic armor enhancements and special abilities? starting from the left of the chart, Pine Script is adding a new element in the series at index 0 strategy.close(Buy, when = high > (entry_price*1.05)). An argument of series int type was used but a simple int is expected;. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Tradingview: Save a variable / store a value for later. A combination of ternary expressions can be used to achieve the same effect as a What is the point of that? ylim(50, 750) xtick_location = df. SMA = sma(close, 1) Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited. I want to exit only if indicators are crossing and i want to keep the closing price entry and rsi value entry and compare them to their values when indicators are crossing (in order to meet the whole condition). What I need is the last position (its Y value which the price) of plot(basis). Mathematica cannot find square roots of some matrices? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. If it is true, then valueWhenConditionIsTrue is returned. The adjustedLength variable is thus assigned a series int value. The largest and smallest extreme values are pretty common in TradingView Pine script. Why set the variable that is declared only once to a series. If your code is now executing on the third bar of the dataset (the set of all bars on your chart), close will contain the price at the close of that bar, Pine script is a programming language created by TradingView to backtest trading strategies and create custom indicators. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. When the market for the chart's symbol is open and the script is executing on the chart's last bar, the realtime bar , close returns the value of the current price. I'm getting the VWMA output as a series type : If I understand a series as an array, my question is simple how can I access the last element of basis? As such, we use some very basic entry criteria. Since Pine script is a series based programming language, we just need to ensure we keep saving the previous value in a line/series until conditions change and we want to update it. We need to reference entry_rsiin the same line we want to calculate it and rsi_closebefore we have even created it! x = (high > SMA) ? If both operands are of int type, There are five arithmetic operators in Pine Script: The arithmetic operators above are all binary (means they need two operands or values to work on, like in 1 + 2). In the example code, the condition given to valuewhen()checks whether the position size has increased. It can also set the order quantity or a stop-loss distance in ticks. Not using a calculation producing a series int value for our length. We have seen cases when a history reference may return the na How is Jesus God when he sits at the right hand of the true God? Pine script series variables accessing last element. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. close[3] will return na Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? It returns the value when a certain condition was met. high : na The ? In thinkscript charts and scans, any script gets executed many times once for each bar. I understand that. Since Pine script is a series based programming language, we just need to ensure we keep saving the previous value in a line/series until conditions change and we want to update it. These values show with 2 decimal digits by default [2] . If this post saved you time and effort, please consider support the site! You can use it to monitor key levels and detect when the break. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Example: - To access the previous values, you can use the History Reference Operator. We check if we opened a position, if we did we track the RSI value at the open. However, in this example, we will also alter the entry_rsi level when other conditions are met. bar_index. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! All I know is if I don't have this contingency the script does not run properly, namely the minHighPrice is set to zero. low[1] will not be available at the first candle and low will be used only. Our problem is that the Reference Manual entry for ta.ema() tells us that its length parameter requires values of simple form, which is a weaker form that series, so a series int value is not allowed. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. My work as a freelance was used in a scientific paper, should I be included as an author? Finally, we then use this stop level in strategy.exit()andwhen a new swing occurs, the stop is updated automatically. holds the value of the current bars close. Past values are values a variable had on bars preceding the bar where the script is currently executing the current bar. To access the previous values, you can use the History Reference Operator. Hence, if low1(current value of low) is not na maxLowPrice will be set to this value, makes sense so far. 173.212.204.65 On the last bar, bar_index is equal to the number of bars in the dataset minus one. I am particularly baffled by these two declarations: I understand that var declaration means you declare the variable only once, as opposed to a series. To help visualize this, we will plot the saved RSI value. Arrays, in comparison, can have constant or variable sizes, and their content or indexing structure It says this is a new variable that I will be using, and I want it to start on each bar with this value. There are 5 forms of types: literal, const, input, simple and a series. since_entry = barssince(bought) O,n the charts we can expect the price to trail behind the swings. Anyone who has coded in pine-script will no doubt agree that debugging can be a pain in the backside. Vertical dispersions at a single value show interaction effects with other features. This example turns the complexity up a notch. used in your code will now refer to the close of the third bar in the dataset. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. We use them to monitor for highest high and lowest low breakouts, like most trend-following strategies do. Why does pine script 4 integer variable turn into a series[integer] when assigned in a loop? So there is no way to get the last element (in array sens) ? is equal to 0 and it increases by 1 on each successive bar the script executes on. Was the ZX Spectrum used for number crunching? Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The := is used to reassign a value to an existing variable. Click to reveal If it has, that means we have bought. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. It says use this variable that was declared earlier in my script, and give it a new value. In the code, you will see that before the ternary conditional operator, we first need to declare a couple of variables. While the variable declaration will only be executed on the first bar because it uses. bought = strategy.position_size[0] > strategy.position_size[1], strategy.close(Buy, when = killLong() and strategy.position_avg_price > valuewhen(bought,close,0) and rsi >= valuewhen(bought,rsi,0) + 5), // Shorting if using After this,the logic is more straightforward. On the first bar, bar_index Pine Script v5 User Manual v5 documentation, Using another moving average function that supports a series int length, such as. One option is to use indexing to retrieve the value. In the code above we have a simpler ternary conditional operator. Last value of series vs entire series in PineScript. In the United States, must state courts follow rulings by federal courts of appeals? If both operands are numbers but at least one of these is of float type, You can replace the nz(low[1],low) to low directly. Optionally we can store the value returned by an if statement in a variable. goShort() => killLong() I wouldn't consider it a safe metric to calculate against. The line preserves its previous value until a new pivot is found. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Why does Cauchy's equation for refractive index contain only even power terms? In the Pine Script runtime environment, as your code is executed once for each historical bar in the dataset, The most basic pine script tutorials teach you how to save a value to a variable in the script but what they do not teach is how to access it again 10 bars later. This is generally handy, as each realtime script execution starts from a known state, which simplifies script logic. Trying to compare the movement of EURUSD and GBPUSD from a year ago until now. nz functions If both operands have a numerical value, the result will be of type bool, i.e., true, false or Note:If you are wondering what the heck a series based programming language is, it just means that we build lines of data every time a new candle is received. To see which version your code uses, look at the first line. BTR, keep up the good work! In the next example, we will store to RSI value at the time we open a LONG trade and track it until the trade is closed. After each new bar appears, the whole script is run again and a new value is added to each list. I want to plot a line of that highest point. There are two ways we can approach this. All-time low function These two custom functions return an instrument's all-time lowest value: Because series grow dynamically, as the script moves on sucessive bars, the offset used with the operator will refer to different bars. I am trying to understand this Pine-Script. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The na and This is happening because lenInput is an input int but factor is a series int (it can only be determined by looking at the value of The plot shows the unique effect of adding a term to a model assuming the model contains all the other terms and the influence of each point on the effect of term hypothesis test. Pine Script has functionality for a popup to enter values. 1 Answer. Some operators are used to build expressions returning a result: Other operators are used to assign values to variables: As is explained in the Type system page, forms and types play a critical role in determining the type of results that expressions yield. I suppose that the last element is a float number! Backtest Rookies is a registered with Brave publisher! using it in any expression will produce a result that is also na (similar This is my solution, but I feel there are better ones: rx.Observable<GameObject> obs1. because no bar exists in that position, and thus its value is not available. This is not allowed: The order of calculations is determined by the operators precedence. So in Pine Script code, it would look something like this: res = input(title="EMA Timeframe", type=input.resolution, defval="D") This line of code will prompt the user to choose their timeframe from a drop-down box in the settings menu. plot(x). Only the current bar instance (variableName[0]) of a series variable can be assigned a value, and when you do, the []history-referencing operator must notbe usedonly the variable name. We reset the stop level if our position size is zero. Matplotlib is the alligator of the plotting zoo. Developers familiar with Python or any other scripting language shouldn't have much difficulty getting up to speed. The [] operator is used after a variable, expression or function call. fast = sma(close, 14) pine script: how do you get the length of a series? Rsi Tos Script Keith Custom Script Scanner for TOS. Using a ternary conditional operator in conjunction with valuewhen()will allow you to do this. We will often refer to a pair form type as a type . Pine Script. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . When the same code is executed on the next bar, the fourth in the dataset, If your Pine Script code does not explicitly provide for handling these special cases, You can use it to implement some sophisticated trailing stops where the stop level only updates under certain conditions. The % operator calculates the modulo by rounding down the quotient to the lowest possible value. Is there a solution to cast serries to a single data in pine editor? Expressions always return a form of the strongest one used in the expression, e.g., if you multiply an input int with a series int, Our members include most of the Pine Script Wizards and many of the . Consider, for example, the timeframe.period built-in variable which is of form "simple" and type "string", so "simple string". Do non-Segwit nodes reject Segwit transactions with invalid signature? nz is supposed to set to the first argument if it is not na, otherwise it sets it to the second argument. Why do some airports shuffle connecting passengers through security again, Exchange operator with position and momentum. Standard The bot settings are divided into two main sections. These are all valid variable declarations: See the Variable declarations page for more information on how to declare variables. In this case, it is two bars after the swing. These are all valid uses of the [] operator: Note that the [] operator can only be used once on the same value. Getting the Day's high single value instead of series[float] on 5 min time frame using pine script. Is there a higher analog of "category with all same side inverses is a groupoid"? Value When The valuewhen () function does exactly what it says on the tin. Hi Andrew You could use the security() function to import the close data from another asset (like GBPUSD) and then use similar techniques as above. Lets see how the value returned by the same offset is dynamic, and why series are very different from arrays. I sense that he may not be the only one who has faced this challenge. e.g. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Is it possible to replace strategy with plot? It won't work on all cases (for example in case where on the last week there is no trading day on a Thursday) but it . Source series value when the condition was true on the n-th most recent occurrence. I would like to use this for a Tradingview alert only for as long as another condition is active. positionSize = ApplyRange (0.01 * strategy.equity, 10, 2500) It's also possible to set the minimum and maximum with variables or calculate these limits. na. It is possible to refer to past values of time series using the This input often sets a calculation length (lookback period), like a 20-bar moving average or 9-bar Relative Strength Index. goLong() => crossunder(emaRSI, rsi) then they are calculated left to right. They are: int, float, bool, color, string, line, label, plot, hline . This process can be even more laborious if the variables that you are plotting work on different scales. Or if you want 1 year ago from the current date, you could import close[52] in the security() function (making sure you are importing weekly data). 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