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DM(68qpOP+`%b?bVrSg+\t^MWJ/6uq*A4tSmL0r0_] Overall, this is a significant, rewarding book, one that helps to show the way in which reflecting on the value of knowledge can shed light upon its nature. 4c&h8gf;8EQFcWs7Y*FQr=[Wakun^Q'Hj>j,bJ6sS:ss&T/i:%E%m0e[+A9i">=[p << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 72 0 R >> m#\2Z/AZYJ$3\pM@9(^-UH^[rM"2&jBBbi>"8`^QCdioh(G56?i(oZCBdCebrUKq^7CO 0XHA(FL&Oj$ZTDa`,D71o5GZ<=$V)&Ls%K-,J6+da`XOK @ad(TmT0[9&tP._dn+K\64Wmga_YHuh8Mp-A6tA+LtdeN !>mKT^Ek?Vm.miLEp7lnn74h9Ah=JsG^2\KWS&W0# ?sB'mo4D /Contents 19 0 R 98 0 obj #JE`%'nWbFkltfAN"FDr#Y3"!9pp=84sMF@Uf/V_;AAo$TirBKC/(dAG_1p^'M@'Q /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] /A 102 0 R %b0\@I#?Eq\t^e2UGLk444fY>YhPZ'2U0mBbQaib`og>;QP(0ofL<4?`[_t/8$V39 123 0 obj So knowledge questions should employ these terms, not the terms of physics. Information, Communication and Society 15(5): 662-679; Kitchen, R (2014) Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts, Big Data & Society, April-June 2014: 1-12, [17] Prensky M (2009) H. sapiens digital: From digital immigrants and digital natives to digital wisdom. 0C\lHTMn.p[F50YHL(eH0B[-SRde#)na"$(.gHqQU6;8l]c8t/\)d0=lrR#dfO'cJ /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) /ItalicAngle 0 riod/T/b/k/u/I/v/w/f/B/L/y/R/W/N/S/P/G/Y/C/colon/D/quotesingle/E/hyphen/\ 96 0 obj 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R ?bgqhu%EZNSHm>u%-Df8jQW/`1"X%uj`]ml-*")Hk@@ n^u:AnfT`Z. /FontName /JGFNEA+StoneSerif-Italic Curricula for nursing courses worldwide are broad ranging and usually include an eclectic mix of the following areas: Knowledge about the individual person, i.e. << l@up)fb9;Op;^k8m,JGbcf[**? /A 39 0 R /Ascent 776 >> endobj 7148 [(ARN)r%Q*iOq[.0H*p^"1A"8GXijL!=9Wg>'#\"q?<6Xl3R!j(4tsm$4D7]&Er+T 106 0 obj Thinking about how best to build knowledge in children, Assistant Professor Gigi Luk says that acquisition of knowledge differs over the stages of childhood. endobj O(eM[m=#-)d77CBC7^ d7u'%^$DP#^@6H1AZ"FUf*_;sN&pF$5K(_E; /Ascent 735 !CS?T?T6_nY3r%_;Leg0f(/_._?5eQ`VY^HFfb0,[_d1qYK,n4)A)0D&AT#G)-u5u << >> i7U64%QnJ6]jZOs$ahqE7uS7>C#7S8:mAm^4r?C\mtW(S&h1r:pu:_)o)uja5\due$sZ&>Xm/N4Vp,C5&Y. It is therefore vital that the knowledge of domain specific experts is properly utilized to help 'evaluate the inputs, guide the process, and evaluate the end products within the context of value and validity'[20]. :#8n\8PK+/0%Ge]Pq>.9$>K[KPM "_^\BTKC"5YkI]-,O2)U!UNq*+NfJ=p_;b"Y1m(YAAbYb]7e+W,X'e.I,_h%2Ul7O /A 77 0 R /Type /Annot >> /Type /ExtGState Jasanoff, S., (2013) Watching the Watchers: Lessons from the Science of Science Advice, Guardian 8 April 2013, available at: http://www.theguardian.com/science/political-science/2013/apr/08/lessons-science-advice. 3^b'hT$#BO*7u0KB*ieKC AMBCH-*<3DVoA+Ih`duPdHlU)n!a+3YLP^:e"aYr:=2T?Nu>>5Z9c >> /Descent -233 /SM 0.01998 [1] [2] Sometimes the expressions "conception of knowledge . 115 0 obj >> !ofF`sp UGXph0*Zl[BLnZUFb"V*EBD!El! Challenging the 'either or' propositions which favour either scientific modelling and hypothesis or data correlations, Kitchen instead proposes a hybrid approach which utilises the combined advantages of inductive, deductive and so-called 'abductive' reasoning, to develop theories and hypotheses directly from the data[24]. `'5H++NDS12*jno,Mnb!/gTCF&rRKXY:6`F,WlB"5nH3_&OqkZ4>ECGP.;0rAq@6! /SM 0.01998 84 0 obj Indeed the notion of the 'paradigm shift' is in many ways in typical of a self-indulgent and somewhat egotistical tendency amongst many historians and theorists to interpret events contemporaneous to themselves as in some way of great historical significance. \Pd)\>"NjQ(;"oW7Y@)GGF%&RV=2GRi+997QF:%eQ+VlOmkf 3im7)iU#TZ4g]CfZ#+D-Q4C)4JPQQf0H9GpJT9J!n@WW7/K2HD)a0-gdua^HG;@&Q There are two final gains, viz. /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) endobj )$=_C^4B@0]NpIn"Mk:K##C0`fWdid!U)K"u'\G0/! )mr << /?1ttEZPlY>! /Border [ 0 0 0 ] L4pDt-\?6R;jrbTQf]NKl&WmXEJbd? At first glance this would appear to help to democratise political participation allowing public services to become automatically optimised to better meet the needs and preferences of citizens without the need for direct political participation. ] DW:+LN1tJo*=k1.r:Thu\@")?>5hajHugIr..*]rInMs&jWEC[q8]s_Ish.\cfb>@ >> /A 116 0 R /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) >> >> endobj endobj @: /Rect [ 15.82106 13.20489 136.91358 26.79476 ] Indigenous Knowledge, voluntarily shared, has advanced some of the most effective nature-based solutions for many of today's major challenges.Recognizing the importance of Indigenous Knowledge . /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] FtbM>*Wi.DqJC$!PO,s,l@TMD9l"sDZ"6KQQ-cfl3aWr@WTY/0AoFN5U[!iWT3&6+ 52 0 obj Deals with questions about what humans are made of: bodies, souls, or a body-soul complex. %dDm%AtB!JPO579$d6EC_luZFDAfRHRr_i?Dm9Gu,>^P\.53Eo,fuT/fj.QS:o`0[ /SM 0.01998 /SM 0.01998 endobj /Type /FontDescriptor /J#S*@1_!i%t+D-^r@+2A960%a$IMO_W&;APBg=Gk7P-P8Wh^_>fO8Srr$WNJ,f:& `aK/"c@-XQk-[gaP"h1*EA? nT=&]!P[p!e_,-_T8]'&KaiFB&41-[02SZq/dE$jUcYCZ,M3]+ ]]%=)-@+G\-!G;Pj)lk%Lp;b81uC7G%nZLQ-s@;s.T5qBQK(0&Q@#n*a;lpIkm.XMFOYmV+(JE"I= [WQi5Mb':.`;3UfjmbKoe0<1^J3.tYKX80A2X:N>)_4XeNl+RHHAco>B),2JU>dT< endobj As nursing establishes itself as an inventor of theory, the contrasts and similarities between its existence as both a practice profession and academic discipline . /Annots 54 0 R 538 537 421 537 425 333 463 574 296 278 500 296 856 574 499 519 endobj '9\El$LT(5 Through a critic of these assumptions I will highlights some of the potential risks that an over-reliance on Big Data analytics poses for public policy-making, before finally making the case for a more nuanced approach to Big Data, which emphasises the continued importance of theory to scientific research. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] 3^b'hT$#BO*7u0KB*ieKC "0<1IfFQ1hf%r(`.t3:"([email protected]$Tm;\/3'eO0&ImQp[3RlU-hqr/-rn7u2 endstream T#j$mYt#]FBQTk1h0kBjI?65+Ji=c>cR8N6hQ'ss3J^8MQ>)0lBu9RuAa?j?=Bu__ E!5mPn/bH[*f_DAap`3iRNM13):)7DmgDa0)%13[Or:Q5$;dI*bF7l!dC /Type /Encoding F/O/Z/J/q/z/V/K/j/x) U3>[se^s%).SK/na;_i?ZXKE;#'mOf07X4"X(YNR.F5N.9qB$E@bWM1\#+2f'RPNH /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) (A8b:N)Q_Gc!nKI-\A8V]n C6WMM6\#+!aK-,)]5^JVdkDet,Q!H! 57QiZ5AC323F$/9B?BHdBEOLB_:%k.fs;O_A_du5:AYcmcpuV=I&]8QTI:`B`fB7T YX:)g1*Utc.sM1FE9e;#XEP]72aX_[qWoTBS07$,ioJ$bne))nJ1F*E! %H//1f\jOnPn\1\q^u^hS_p56e. 21 0 obj 110 0 obj TdM8q74LYGEok$9l3.ZngcPC+2_AT@::K9\U=q.^/`/TRA#gebBJE;IOA`@Q'(Y'Z /Rect [ 15.82106 13.20489 136.91358 26.79476 ] f)H%)h''q_f0cB^L:'6*fsh2("Ntm9KK0,F70ebO$;`j'4*\27WoH=E.cJBI;9m)N^\i:)$WXHo>$af[Knl.Hon4`2c7kV^G+;k$/+@(Y9Yd"7!fp#$u5G!Jk@Kl8FclcqBX*2bA ;^]YT>gnG=mAf#>is%@pe[pk_L^>4!a@1jWR`BG'0*oPglWtbi@ZiGOM5l [(ARN)r%Q*iOq[.0H*p^"1A"8GXijL!=9Wg>'#\"q?<6Xl3R!j(4tsm$4D7]&Er+T 95 0 obj SuDPNoKYIT_SkdlNhUWG3Xs@D&(&m"QDJS? endobj :dQ6F&Cjbt.u1o&-80bjneLEH?SaOY*T1oG@dUE1q2XhoLVf)GSSVh+oPV@^cY!`Y Beginning with an exploration of some of the ways in which Big Data is changing our understanding of scientific research and knowledge, I will argue that claims that Big Data represents a new paradigm of scientific inquiry are predicated upon a number of implicit assumptions about the nature of knowledge. 6aT4@Z&Us@eb0/a8%#/&cLf^eG+.I38Vm3l4"KL[/7l08S!_Uk8s(XK) << A brief introduction to epistemology and why it's important. << endobj << %b0\@I#?Eq\t^e2UGLk444fY>YhPZ'2U0mBbQaib`og>;QP(0ofL<4?`[_t/8$V39 << (=_l:a#M@(1(Q>'\2TPDYT;\m#E2qIXINcL&W#@^C9)Ta:E4Qbmu+RCf5^.G7!.n2unkU)L/[UWI2, /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] 104 0 obj 53 0 obj >> U:b;XSn;CX0JIsf(-K'Mh79RHIsaUtSbCP8qIj(!rW!B[Sq/[O!E05B3r%LE:j_7Z /Type /ExtGState DobSf? /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 515.68801 13.14781 596.34414 26.65127 ] H\9SjJ(pl;)a+1N[11hrGHa*J*u?-d`L&:u:sT\==[I`mj41Im060>9J(26,o?AC' 4T;LEk,9(dZcBiWaPB-)\nVV&('!0@M"noF3mSn!1>-mj:g`Tu%@gXJpV!04#1NbG '8b Pantheists are generally strong supporters of scientific inquiry. PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd, 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Chapter 1 Nature of Knowledge For Later, In the same way that the development o industry, created the industrial age, the development o, inormation technology, and especially the internet, has, It has been a long-held belie by many philosophers that, knowledge is power and that knowledge stems rom, understanding o inormation; inormation, in turn, is, To develop your understanding o knowledge, we start, by dening these three related concepts that is, is a collection o text, numbers and symbols with, Do not sell or share my personal information. $27s",5Yo`C4?Z<3Os=U/*9[gJa2:^X"L4L"`.9S[#+UZr72T"df]4"U\^ur+[mqh 111 0 obj @292;]9HkgK7qdOBA:d!q6'WW!Oa*?I+3[qjCfi#5p1V32 91 0 obj >> K0KYE2QS4TIjkKCT+*@LGq0/-4L;^8;ES\HYnURiAuE5hkA69#:aKKTLP << << 33 0 obj How nature of scientific knowledge (NOSK) or nature of science (NOS) and scientific inquiry (SI) are contextualized, or related to each other, significantly impacts both curriculum and classroom practice, specifically with respect to the teaching and learning of NOSK. << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 46 0 R >> ok5&3VjQ?8]^o0G7WXuc. /Rect [ 515.68801 13.14781 596.34414 26.65127 ] [^.Ap/YGjA#n;UpEhD)U\p^D.b_(Jr'tBU /Type /Page 101 0 obj /CapHeight 712 RVCJ%NCebHM#L[OS!`8U"BnE%N]&AnZW#OfF%J'.d*ZHk5=pV1;`\`B2]_ZQ Chicago: University of Chicago Press. *M&7W^>@57lK,RYo7.S9K\j(,-JgT;mAf05GC+Y\)qnN-cV%L*q)Re5'58e+j7CNf : "NrT/'`qF[d$])_@X@l>iZ5R;>V*[ZG&_4W)%/7]d8gfHQO?c7HK/'Yg_EX^TVqN. /Flags 70 /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /S /URI 125 0 obj /S /URI .DQRt6L-I$U,Y$06Z(5>YI4b'V*Z4l=2bS. 8""?JVS*DH3*"D+AB!e0c=;&(O%Y/c%t/scS9jr.ng=;XM/=Mk$1<=(hFn^n$k=4G ]!9>`&$0"j%P3([&l5m:Z+l(OV`+bnnH'ENqVA"gYrD^)Ns#&%rNs !1)V'9cB+r66MLF=9*U"rc1MYIT5Hb 106 0 obj /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) 1nbqHWrcnZeP7=!8r@DeR:[)er'aUAf3A#sU(#.b@]/A*O$f3EO#ZlEe#P`A;AEi+ !&af]IKAh%;EPB(jR]R5^US3I,N%s*[u' << USrl$I*Q8Y>)S$&0L/N>0^,5X!Y8uK%CI,5V.SmcGlp\`c#b/0qi1T>+63DfE29'! /Subtype /Link endobj /FirstChar 32 /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] Natural knowledge is defined as the condition where God knows everything that could happen including all truths, every possible world that he might create, as well as what anything any free will creature will choose to do in any circumstance. C]1gQm:r2l+GGCuHFFGj\`8n/+k:&l)ep[Y=HnB,:m:?a`S/9&\6q2\Jp\>ciB+'( 7XZB/,_o&qI4Zn>TUV]_*L!HOB(;#! (=_l:a#M@(1(Q>'\2TPDYT;\m#E2qIXINcL&W#@^C9)Ta:E4Qbmu+RCf5^.G7!.n2unkU)L/[UWI2, 9]NPcM]b$\g/OCb5d]'qk.W>JV-#Qb'3\j@'&-mMB2O46(VS0G&EdL:7UMK!p&_G` 109 0 obj 20 November. /Author (DPSL DPSL) \Pd)\>"NjQ(;"oW7Y@)GGF%&RV=2GRi+997QF:%eQ+VlOmkf 8;Y8dbAu?. )!l3"RQVS=j#ASX% 37 0 obj f)H%)h''q_f0cB^L:'6*fsh2("Ntm9KK0,F70ebO$;`j'4*\27WoH=E.cJBI;9m)N^\i:)$WXHo>$af[Knl.Hon4`2c7kV^G+;k$/+@(Y9Yd"7!fp#$u5G!Jk@Kl8FclcqBX*2bA Definitions of knowledge try to describe the essential features of knowledge. /J#S*@1_!i%t+D-^r@+2A960%a$IMO_W&;APBg=Gk7P-P8Wh^_>fO8Srr$WNJ,f:& (KUjJ5n[P38Jdk!c("gTncT%H!bZam.fe3 Ability knowledge is for example to know how to swim or how to ride a bike. It is one of the components of the DP core and is mandatory for all students. << (D$R 67 0 obj ``FZn9'1NA1rl]RUgiT2Q! /Type /FontDescriptor 1000 1000 1000 1000 508 512 419 533 394 385 528 1000 259 261 503 H\9SjJ(pl;)a+1N[11hrGHa*J*u?-d`L&:u:sT\==[I`mj41Im060>9J(26,o?AC' _nYgOW6%(Aj9+em\0]hY_q3W:! /SA true Please help us defend citizen and user rights on the Internet! /Subtype /Type1 /A 64 0 R pHN(4EBaSN.+$&BF8I3(f8"k&%>rta<7RQRj`9!r4T2SigDpaT(AjY1qZh^a4/M)? 78 0 obj As Boyd and Crawford note, ' Big Data [creates] a profound change at the levels of epistemology and ethics. 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D.)=tlM-d.Y!$ob5=OpSktX_&2[.#Y! endobj ?.jS+3$gT^G=uQD>[ZsL:4K!Mqq^`c!8\6TWni;eRQ3S?Q=DuZcZ\L(M6T+ London: John Murray, [13] King quoted in Shaw, J., (2014) Why Big Data is a Big Deal, Harvard Magazine March-April 2014, available at: http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/03/why-big-data-is-a-big-deal. /Subtype /Link >> \^#X]'XZc-&Ka9qs4i;@UX80I=(2ZrMS^-.T:3[>C"A'XE3,;YJq.8.hA1dt4h$(M d?Ppq1eL:teg.PFj^%0I3TF,s6*$M7at9:b?Z4m=e"AqW.^td5a,\"J[$gY.hOLsC 'HBl&(ETWAUdSk8MU]f8\ABMYhe/-L.Zjm(.s8G`U-s5U (tTV8j*_YUMEu@E>YU9OWF%$ Within this new paradigm therefore, 'the data speaks for itself' [19], and specialised knowledge is not needed to interpret the results which are now supposedly rendered comprehensible to anyone with even a rudimentary grasp of statistics. -uF\>jT)pNl]CeqUBG(LktlC"bUuJu%i1jp4MD;*,*q0+J7-).AbD^*\fd? XR9=P*KgITe@jdXjih_^3RsmrM6( /H /I 47 0 obj Put simply therefore, rather than interpreting data deluge as the 'end of theory', data-driven science instead attempts to harness its insights to develop new theories using alternative data-intensive methods of theory generation. -J4MSS2K$T9Md%'![JC9H;3&33uiCIJ"NM`&6aei^Puhs+PVJeb?JOMU6b"r:1,h`U@Y4=s/]*hg07&g)-/"$5Y!lb1A4P?A;p^[email protected]#SYfIW[Ro`&f?;? %Y$l67D:U6OVS#rP$oQ/LjTqp8GVs9fqI.EdG6tE3$EHP2sn'+S,H\2:jJKNOcd. /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot lIsbVHQ1k.En+5g,j /FirstChar 32 /W 89 /Y /Z 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q Bi$F9Mgo1$#P?d>;LSCfXD? `L=J=R@=qE[Kk7VEd5B^obe:-(He9FD06d[(PET9J1Dlt0EKIRPD3p$fIesWgq5T[ (dd\[email protected]_d#;re=>7JTm:n.cQ'k\ "5e+G?ofN?Po7l /Rect [ 15.82106 13.20489 136.91358 26.79476 ] /LastChar 120 /FontBBox [ -112 -228 989 899 ] /FontName /JGFNJA+DaxCondensed-Bold /A 51 0 R ;bDo1_SpB1f5f#sLbauE*8B`-H,U'G)+e]07>eJ)Md6kg;NQ?cQoFO54[&%,( /S /URI Eup>5`bP&`H'85ThKA5Y_\iFb3h-WSgTt[T'*>-[A%QIV)qKZ/7pI=7FZ,qAd9.D8 << This commitment to an empiricist epistemology and methodological monism is particularly problematic in the context of studies of human behaviour, where actions cannot be calculated and anticipated using quantifiable data alone. R2H.9/`_l\(f3N5?kb0#`&$c5o+;sfPQiH*bkX`Y(6sJ9\C8'4dr9i2+q#SJ#B:GZ _KIU3on"SE1(Mq-KDcMXCtm65e\JCM5?D^n:@-RF9Or0bqWL4U8,ia@X;Q$~> stream ,'mgU3dl;e`ar?o,)GN4)c'<4%R^Ys838N6)rj+'2dH;J!K51NU0p$92t14XC^f"f brs$7c0P+,bBC2ckq874Wn5sM30(]=T\P]N^&!MFIXD+X:J:5lHq)']H)Ir&IX^FM << "90uqFu,UEh"9bX[3_Va1jj("/GCLN[-3SjQkIGt^;Ao[:_G$++V2Igi]UYKb?`Sc 91 0 obj -l.I3A=$CfAc_D!nW#nU(Opq$ufs/Fq^qSpK4Z$b/Fu^TS #[3D.1fi3caE@E5/^Aro=mYO0O_.ZX*ktN#o'@.t,I\9[JC2%Rr7X`E>H%keBQO^LYn#k@13-bE4r&Ep[^i>hZGX`2ahrkWeqkg;?qs!_>tt"]T>1a78i70h'=:0P(Yu) 45 0 obj /Type /Annot Since the publication of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn's notion of the paradigm has been widely criticised for producing a homogenous and overly smooth account of scientific progress, which ignores the clunky and often accidental nature of scientific discovery and innovation. /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) 'q2"mObb3!lY8"5dH.ei\0kIkSPC!dDO$UROL[C5]+tJTOpWD9[Bi 87 0 obj /Type /Annot So, the nature of knowledge is firstly "practical". /ExtGState << /R10 234 0 R /R11 8 0 R /R7 9 0 R >> /Properties << /R18 10 0 R >> endobj endobj 4c&h8gf;8EQFcWs7Y*FQr=[Wakun^Q'Hj>j,bJ6sS:ss&T/i:%E%m0e[+A9i">=[p .$WoX?U]'d60uTb)<6e6,&s87lTcckUF-bIoQhNmUFs=upRqC/,k,1]AN5AUI^]KfD'fLa#rk#B$9%P)aQS,DTG5$j`+,@f,1CL]X << /Length 4397 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Subtype /Type1C >> L[E$lMb)Thq_?d;2i\M`13bn;NKOZX]4l 9*4Wn+0im\G-$1S+%es>.AL2sD,@WjF'-:kTF56l*>5-5~> /SA false ?1md,^]rs(\MC%f7I*D4ua(9d_)X_^bV#n;4F-k's]5'?1cBs:4[mN%*09o]NHh)r=$ endobj endobj /Descent -233 6aT4@Z&Us@eb0/a8%#/&cLf^eG+.I38Vm3l4"KL[/7l08S!_Uk8s(XK) D@? 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