Most of these facilities did not generate electricity. [17] According to Germany's Ministry of the Environment, waste incinerators reduce the amount of some atmospheric pollutants by substituting power produced by coal-fired plants with power from waste-fired plants.[18]. INCINERATION AND In a study from 1997, Delaware Solid Waste Authority found that, for same amount of produced energy, incineration plants emitted fewer particles, hydrocarbons and less SO2, HCl, CO and NOx than coal-fired power plants, but more than natural gasfired power plants. Incineration of biological hazard waste removes the risks. The secondary chamber is necessary to complete gas phase combustion reactions. Smoothly step over to these common grammar mistakes that trip many people up. Likewise the breakdown temperature can be lowered to some degree but then the exhaust gases would require a greater lingering period of perhaps several minutes, which would require large/long treatment chambers that take up a great deal of treatment plant space. Incinerators are believed to be environmentally very dangerous as the resultants are heavy metals, which are placed in landfills ultimately making air, water, and soil polluted. The older and simpler kind of incinerator was a brick-lined cell with a fixed metal grate over a lower ash pit, with one opening in the top or side for loading and another opening in the side for removing incombustible solids called clinkers. World Bank Technical Guidance Report. The barrel prevents the spread of burning material in windy conditions, and as the combustibles are reduced they can only settle down into the barrel. noun a furnace or apparatus for burning trash, garbage, etc., to ashes. In the US it was estimated that the global warming potential of the emitted landfill gas in 1999 was approximately 32% higher than the amount of CO2 that would have been emitted by incineration. A prominent example is the AEB Waste Fired Power Plant. In Scandinavia, scheduled maintenance is always performed during summer, where the demand for district heating is low. In some cases, the heat that is generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power. The typical incineration plant for municipal solid waste is a moving grate incinerator. Incineration as a noun means The act of incinerating , or the state of being incinerated ; cremation .. These facilities tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to inadequate levels of gas cleaning and combustion process control. Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 8085% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 9596%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. People and organizations professionally involved in this issue include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a great many local and national air quality regulatory agencies worldwide. Definition of Sanitizing. Define co-incineration. However, many of these projects have faced continued political opposition in spite of renewed arguments for the greenhouse gas benefits of incineration and improved air pollution control and ash recycling. New techniques are developed for this burning process, used as energy-generating methods. In 2005, the Ministry of the Environment of Germany, where there were 66 incinerators at that time, estimated that "whereas in 1990 one third of all dioxin emissions in Germany came from incineration plants, for the year 2000 the figure was less than 1%. [76], The technology employed in the UK waste management industry has been greatly lagging behind that of Europe due to the wide availability of landfills. VISHWESHWARAYYA POLYTECNIC, 1) Biostimulation. To achieve complete . The heat produced by an incinerator can be used to generate steam which may then be used to drive a turbine in order to produce electricity. In an investigation by the Ministry of the Environment of Denmark in 2006, the average particulate emissions per energy content of incinerated waste from 16 Danish incinerators were below 2.02g/GJ (grams per energy content of the incinerated waste). The burn pile or the burn pit is one of the simplest and earliest forms of waste disposal, essentially consisting of a mound of combustible materials piled on the open ground and set on fire, leading to cause pollution. Incineration ash: (from incineration of any biomedical waste) 10. [2] Thus, incinerating about 600 metric tons (660 short tons) per day of waste will produce about 400 MWh of electrical energy per day (17MW of electrical power continuously for 24 hours) and 1200MWh of district heating energy each day. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. [41] For example, the Wheelabrator Incinerator in Baltimore, Maryland, has been investigated due to increased rates of asthma in its neighboring community, which is predominantly occupied by low-income, people of color. [citation needed]. [16], A strong airflow is forced through a sandbed. Incineration, the high flame are the different types of processes performed under dry heat sterilization. This problem can be avoided to an extent through the transport of waste by rail from transfer stations. Ash drops through the grate, but many particles are carried along with the hot gases. Reduces microbes & other substances to ashes & gas. Click here to review the details. INCINERATION. BREF Incinration et conclusions MTD - Guide explicatif et autres documents. Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cambridge Milton Keynes Oxford corridor, List of solid waste treatment technologies, "An Overview of Incineration and EFW Technology as Applied to the Management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)", "Centenary History of Waste and Waste Managers in London and South East England", Chartered Institution of Wastes Management, "Monosti Energetickho Vyuit Komunlnho Odpadu", "Smokeless Burn Barrel Makes Your Backyard Fire Much Cleaner", "An Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000", "Burning Permits It's Your Responsibility", Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, "HTT rotary kiln solid waste disposal system", "Air Pollution Control and Incineration Systems photos", "Waste-to-Energy Compared to Fossil Fuels for Equal Amounts of Energy", "Waste incineration A potential danger? Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials. If plants have inadequate flue gas cleaning, these outputs may add a significant pollution component to stack emissions. Backyard barrel burning of household and garden wastes, still allowed in some rural areas, generates 580 grams (20oz) of dioxins annually. The exhaust grating helps to prevent the spread of burning embers. It is a treatment technology involving destruction of solid waste by controlled burning at high temperatures. The bottom ash residue remaining after combustion has been shown to be a non-hazardous solid waste that can be safely put into landfills or recycled as construction aggregate. We've updated our privacy policy. The gas-phase dioxins can be substantially destroyed using catalysts, some of which can be present as part of the fabric filter bag structure. [33], An issue that affects community relationships is the increased road traffic of waste collection vehicles to transport municipal waste to the incinerator. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. In densely populated areas, finding space for additional landfills is becoming increasingly difficult. It is accompanied by the . Only experiment that has chemical change. Substitution of urea can reduce costs and potential hazards associated with storage of anhydrous ammonia. The quantity of pollutants in the flue gas from incineration plants may or may not be reduced by several processes, depending on the plant. A side effect of breaking the strong molecular bonds of dioxin is the potential for breaking the bonds of nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) in the supply air. With the increase in the number of large inexpensive regional landfills and, up until recently, the relatively low price of electricity, incinerators were not able to compete for the 'fuel', i.e., waste in the U.S. Tax policies. It facilitates complete combustion of the flue gases by introducing turbulence for better mixing and by ensuring a surplus of oxygen. Incineration word meaning in English is well described here in English as well as in Urdu. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Use of incinerators for waste management is controversial. The contaminated soil is first mixed with special nutrients substances including other vital components either in the form of liquid or gas. Incineration of VOCs and hydrocarbon fumes usually is accomplished in a special incinerator called an afterburner. [1] Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities. In some countries, incinerators built just a few decades ago often did not include a materials separation to remove hazardous, bulky or recyclable materials before combustion. If these plants are regrown the CO2 emitted from their combustion will be taken out from the atmosphere once more. Biologically derived waste or a waste type contaminated with biological materials is the definition of biohazardous waste and . The EPA announced in 2012 that the safe limit for human oral consumption is 0.7 picograms Toxic Equivalence (TEQ) per kilogram bodyweight per day,[20] which works out to 17 billionths of a gram for a 150lb person per year. In addition, nearly all biodegradable waste has biological origin. Studies conducted by the US-EPA[21] demonstrated that one family using a burn barrel produced more emissions than an incineration plant disposing of 200 metric tons (220 short tons) of waste per day by 1997 and five times that by 2007 due to increased chemicals in household trash and decreased emission by municipal incinerators using better technology.[22]. [28][29], Acid gas scrubbers are used to remove hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, mercury, lead and other heavy metals. WtE incineration is just one potential element out of many in a functioning MSW system. Specific pollutant exposures, such as high levels of nitrogen dioxide, have been cited in community-led complaints relating to increased emergency room visits for respiratory issues. Small pieces of fly ash may be somewhat thick, and too brief an exposure to high temperature may only degrade dioxin on the surface of the ash. [38] However, difficulties in separating incinerator pollution exposure from combined industry, motor vehicle, and agriculture pollution limits these conclusions on health risks. Typically steel 55-US-gallon (210L) drums are used as burn barrels, with air vent holes cut or drilled around the base for air intake. Building and operating waste processing plants such as incinerators requires long contract periods to recover initial investment costs, causing a long-term lock-in. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency,[11] the combustion percentages of the total dioxin and furan inventory from all known and estimated sources in the U.S. (not only incineration) for each type of incineration are as follows: 35.1% backyard barrels; 26.6% medical waste; 6.3% municipal wastewater treatment sludge; 5.9% municipal waste combustion; 2.9% industrial wood combustion. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. ate in-sin--rt incinerated; incinerating : to cause to burn to ashes More from Merriam-Webster on incinerate Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for incinerate The SlideShare family just got bigger. In some countries, large amounts of landfill gas are collected. The oxidation process is involved to destroy the microbes. This process is one of safer scientific disposals of MSW being practised in various developed countries. [77][78][79][80], Under a new plan in June 2012, a DEFRA-backed grant scheme (The Farming and Forestry Improvement Scheme) was set up to encourage the use of low-capacity incinerators on agricultural sites to improve their bio security.[81]. PM, Local communities are often opposed to the idea of locating waste processing plants such as incinerators in their vicinity (the, A 2008 Eunomia report found that under some circumstances and assumptions, incineration causes less CO. They receive and store the waste in an enclosed area with a negative pressure with the airflow being routed through the boiler which prevents unpleasant odors from escaping into the atmosphere. Incineration is an English word that is used in many sentences in different contexts. Fortunately, dioxin and furan compounds bond very strongly to solid surfaces and are not dissolved by water, so leaching processes are limited to the first few millimeters below the ash pile. Incineration is the high-temperature burning (rapid oxidation) of a waste. Particulate is collected by particle filtration, most often electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and/or baghouse filters. Question 1 of 7 Fill in the blank: I can't figure out _____ gave me this gift. 9. Noun 1. incineration - the act of burning something completely; it to ashes burning, - the act of burning something; "the burning of leaves was prohibited by a town ordinance" cremation - the incineration of a dead body Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. What is Waste Incineration? Furniture factory sawdust incinerators need much attention as these have to handle resin powder and many flammable substances. Today, the total emissions from the plants are 83.8 grams (2.96oz) TEQ annually, a reduction of 99%. This legislation is designed to reduce the release of greenhouse gases produced by landfills through the use of alternative methods of waste treatment. [31], There are several environmental or waste management corporations that transport ultimately to an incinerator or cement kiln treatment center. The first incinerator in the U.S. was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York. Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials. [39][40] Potential health effects of waste incineration technology have been publicized, notably when located in communities already facing disproportionate health burdens. Carbon dioxide plays a due role in global warming, as this is the green house gas. It should not be assumed that all new plants will employ the best available control technology if not required by law. Since the global warming potential of methane is 34 and the weight of 62 cubic meters of methane at 25 degrees Celsius is 40.7kg, this is equivalent to 1.38 ton of CO2, which is more than the 1 ton of CO2 which would have been produced by incineration. These are often fueled by oil or natural gas, and are normally only active for a very small fraction of the time. [13][full citation needed]. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPBC) has designated separate colour-coded bins to dispose of biomedical wastes as per their nature. You can read the details below. incinerate verb [ T ] uk / nsn. The end of the microbe loop is exposed to red hot flame;thus, it kills microorganism. Information and translations of incineration in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Since few new plants have been built since the 1980s the last incinerator built on a new site in Dickerson, Md. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. [34][37][38] Some studies also identified possible cancer risk. You know what it looks like but what is it called? Further, most modern incinerators utilize fabric filters (often with Teflon membranes to enhance collection of sub-micron particles) which can capture dioxins present in or on solid particles. [citation needed] The main reasons for lack of activity have been: There has been renewed interest in incineration and other waste-to-energy technologies in the U.S. and Canada. [71] Projects to add capacity to existing plants are underway, and municipalities are once again evaluating the option of building incineration plants rather than continue landfilling municipal wastes. 1. Sterilizing an Inoculation Wand: To sterilize a loop, place it in the hub (opening) of the microincinerator for just a few seconds, until the portion of the inoculation wand that is being sterilized glows red. Small-scale incinerators exist for special purposes. Part of the combustion air (primary combustion air) is supplied through the grate from below. [34][35] Exposure through inhalation, ingestion, soil, and dermal contact are incorporated in these models. Introduction of incineration process Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Still the global warming potential of the landfill gas emitted to atmosphere is significant. [9] Over time, the very high heat of incineration causes the metal to oxidize and rust, and eventually the barrel itself is consumed by the heat and must be replaced. As interior structures of the pile are consumed, the pile can shift and collapse, spreading the burn area. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. [75] The importance of waste in Sweden's electricity generation scheme is reflected on their 2,700,000 tons of waste imported per year (in 2014) to supply waste-to-energy facilities. Most of the improvement in U.S. dioxin emissions has been for large-scale municipal waste incinerators. Once the loop is removed from the incinerator, it almost instantly stops glowing, and within 20 seconds or so, will be cool enough to use. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". To get professional research papers you must go for experts like www.HelpWriting.net , 1. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Many studies have examined health impacts from exposure to pollutants utilizing U.S. EPA modeling guidelines. [2] This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. Thus, the controlled combustion of waste accounted for 41.7% of the total dioxin inventory. An autoclave is a machine that provides a physical method of sterilization by killing bacteria, viruses, and even spores present in the material put inside of the vessel using steam under pressure. [7] The first facility in the Czech Republic was built in 1905 in Brno. 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As the name suggests, the bacteria is stimulated to initiate the process. Incineration while being conducted produces a vast amount of Carbon dioxide. [citation needed], As of 2006[update] in the United States, private rural household or farm waste incineration of small quantities was typically permitted so long as it is not a nuisance to others, does not pose a risk of fire such as in dry conditions, and the fire does not produce dense, noxious smoke. Clean Harbours has acquired many of the smaller, independently run facilities, accumulating 57 incinerators in the process across the U.S. WTI-Heritage has one incinerator, located in the southeastern corner of Ohio across the Ohio River from West Virginia. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. incineration: 1 n the act of burning something completely; reducing it to ashes Types: cremation the incineration of a dead body Type of: burning , combustion the act of burning something At this point, the flue gas has a temperature of around 200C (392F), and is passed to the flue gas cleaning system. The waste is introduced by a waste crane through the "throat" at one end of the grate, from where it moves down over the descending grate to the ash pit in the other end. Flue-gas condensation allows the latent heat of vaporization of the water to be recovered, subsequently increasing the thermal efficiency of the plant. 2. It is a form of waste management in which organisms are used to remove or utilise pollutants in a polluted region. The bed is thereby violently mixed and agitated keeping small inert particles and air in a fluid-like state. Modern incinerators include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning. This paper has made an attempt in highlighting the proper use of those products. [34][36][37][38], Many communities have advocated for the improvement or removal of waste incinerator technology. [1] Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities. Les conclusions MTD (Meilleures Techniques Disponibles) du BREF sur l'incinration des dchets, qui sont la base pour le rexamen et la mise jour des autorisations d'exploiter les CVE (Centres de Valorisation Energtique) des dchets en Europe, ont t . The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the . [30], Waste water from scrubbers must subsequently pass through a waste water treatment plant. it describe the methods of incineration and pyrolysis in details. If reusable waste fractions are handled in waste processing plants such as incinerators in developing nations, it would cut out viable work for local economies. [8], An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. Before the flue gas cleaning system, if installed, the flue gases may contain particulate matter, heavy metals, dioxins, furans, sulfur dioxide, and hydrochloric acid. To facilitate efficient sterilization by steam and pressure, there are . Incineration means the process of igniting and burning solid, semi -solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible or partially combustible wastes. 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Translations Spanish / Espaol [69] The first commercially successful incineration plant in the U.S. was built in Saugus, Massachusetts, in October 1975 by Wheelabrator Technologies, and is still in operation today. Burn piles can and have spread uncontrolled fires, for example, if the wind blows burning material off the pile into surrounding combustible grasses or onto buildings. This allows all of the mass of waste, fuel and sand to be fully circulated through the furnace. Different results for the CO2 footprint of incineration can be reached with different assumptions. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. A single moving grate boiler can handle up to 35 metric tons (39 short tons) of waste per hour, and can operate 8,000hours per year with only one scheduled stop for inspection and maintenance of about one month's duration. Incineration is the main waste-to-energy form of treatment. [citation needed]. Delivered to your inbox! Such considerations are the main reason why several countries administrate incineration of biodegradable waste as renewable energy. [2][31] The fly ash, by far, constitutes more of a potential health hazard than does the bottom ash because the fly ash often contain high concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper and zinc as well as small amounts of dioxins and furans. Article Summary: A microincinerator, also known as a bactoincinerator, is a device used in microbiology laboratories to sterilize instruments. MSW contains approximately the same mass fraction of carbon as CO2 itself (27%), so incineration of 1 ton of MSW produces approximately 1 ton of CO2. Most municipalities that operate incineration facilities have higher recycling rates than neighboring cities and countries that do not send their waste to incinerators. Due to this reason, most incinerators are located in industrial areas. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Moving grate incinerators are sometimes referred to as municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). Incineration. Loop sterilizers are designed to sterilize metal inoculating loops and needles without using an open flame. It has been observed that almost every thing which has carbon in its composition is when processed by incineration evolves out as carbon dioxide. A tall flue-gas stack, fan, or steam jet supplies the needed draft. For other uses, see, The examples and perspective in this section, Please expand the section to include this information. It is the UK Government's position that incineration will play an increasingly large role in the treatment of municipal waste and supply of energy in the UK. It is a type of waste management. [34][38] Populations near old, inadequately maintained incinerators experience a higher degree of health issues. It is the easiest way to destroy microbes in metals. The rotary-kiln incinerator[14] is used by municipalities and by large industrial plants. Although highly effective, incineration isn't a method you can use with just. (b) Alternatively, a bactericinerator may be used to reduce aerosolization of microbes and remove the presence of an open flame in the . According to the European Waste Incineration Directive, incineration plants must be designed to ensure that the flue gases reach a temperature of at least 850C (1,560F) for 2seconds in order to ensure proper breakdown of toxic organic substances. [2], The first UK incinerators for waste disposal were built in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. in 1874 to a design patented by Alfred Fryer. It stimulates the growth of microbes thus resulting in efficient and quick removal of contaminants by microbes . Samples are tested for ecotoxic metals. The total amount of ash produced by municipal solid waste incineration ranges from 4 to 10% by volume and 1520% by weight of the original quantity of waste,[2][31] and the fly ash amounts to about 1020% of the total ash. [4] In 2005, waste incineration produced 4.8% of the electricity consumption and 13.7% of the total domestic heat consumption in Denmark. It may be avoided by decreasing the steam content by flue-gas condensation and reheating, or by increasing the flue gas exit temperature well above its dew point. Learn a new word every day. Incineration is the best process of combustion of Organic materials present in the waste and giving useful byproducts. . [73][74], In Sweden, about 50% of the generated waste is burned in waste-to-energy facilities, producing electricity and supplying local cities' district heating systems. This air flow also has the purpose of cooling the grate itself. Figure 1. An old-fashioned rule we can no longer put up with. Denmark and Sweden have been leaders by using the energy generated from incineration for more than a century, in localised combined heat and power facilities supporting district heating schemes. [84] Small incinerators can be quickly deployed to remote areas where an outbreak has occurred to dispose of infected animals quickly and without the risk of cross contamination. Several old generation incinerators have been closed; of the 186 MSW incinerators in 1990, only 89 remained by 2007, and of the 6200 medical waste incinerators in 1988, only 115 remained in 2003. Incineration means the destruction of solid waste by burning in a furnace designed for the purpose wherein solid waste is essentially reduced to ash, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The same researchers found that their original estimates for the burn barrel were high, and that the incineration plant used for comparison represented a theoretical 'clean' plant rather than any existing facility. Other articles where incineration is discussed: air pollution control: Incineration: The process called incineration or combustionchemically, rapid oxidationcan be used to convert VOCs and other gaseous hydrocarbon pollutants to carbon dioxide and water. The inner refractory lining serves as sacrificial layer to protect the kiln structure. The report highlights epidemiological deficiencies in previous UK health studies and suggests areas for future studies. Bioremediation refers to any technique in which a living or dead . They are equipped with auxiliary heaters to ensure this at all times. Waste at high oxygen levels. Volume of combusted waste is reduced by approximately 90%, increasing the life of landfills. [citation needed], Sulfur dioxide may also be removed by dry desulfurisation by injection limestone slurry into the flue gas before the particle filtration. Data published in the national pollutant inventories and ReCiPe impact assessment method were employed in this study. Find 3 ways to say INCINERATION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. 3. Some incinerators are visually undesirable. [11] People intending to burn waste may be required to contact a state agency in advance to check current fire risk and conditions, and to alert officials of the controlled fire that will occur.[12]. [25] The rest mainly plastics and other oil and gas derived products is generally treated as non-renewables. [citation needed], Odor pollution can be a problem with old-style incinerators, but odors and dust are extremely well controlled in newer incineration plants. The reduced levels of emissions from municipal waste incinerators and waste to energy plants from historical peaks are largely the product of the proficient use of emission control technology. Following the construction of a large incinerator at Greatmoor in Buckinghamshire, and plans to construct a further one near Bedford,[83] the Cambridge Milton Keynes Oxford corridor will become a major incineration hub in the UK. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". The study showed that . Even with modern particle filtering of the flue gases, a small part of these is emitted to the atmosphere. came online in 1995 expansions adjacent to old facilities and retrofits of existing plants have become more common. [26], Other gaseous emissions in the flue gas from incinerator furnaces include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, heavy metals, and fine particles. Use of a Microincinerator in Microbiology Laboratory Microincinerator with slide tray for heat fixing bacterial smears. 20. In 1949, Robert C. Ross founded one of the first hazardous waste management companies in the U.S. LATUR) They were originally known as destructors. Gets rid of Cu in smoke, reduces volume up to 80%, reduce need of landfill. 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