If you set this button to NAV 1, the HSI will show deflections from the NAV 1 radio, and the autopilot will fly VOR or ILS signals from the NAV 1 radio when you hit the LOC or G/S buttons. by clicking the right mouse button and and dragging your mouse around the screen, by using the keyboard shortcuts listed in, by selecting different views from the View menu, or. Now, though, you want to climb to 9,000 feet. This means that if you have a full-scale ILS needle deflection (simply because you have not yet gotten to the localizer) the localizer mode will simply go into armed (yellow) mode, and will not do anything yet to the plane. See the Autopilots section of Chapter 7 for more information. While being carried up to altitude, though, you must keep your glider in formation behind the towplane. From there, raise the slider up one level and repeat until the frame rate decreases. This will simply hold the wings level while the pilot figures out what to do next. These are often found on or near an airport, but they can also be scattered between airports to use as node points in an airway. These include tools like the logbook and checklists, and features like equipment failures and damage modeling. When you find it, though, you can click on it to highlight in yellow the ILS path and to open a small window with details. You can change this with the Resolution drop down, but keep in mind that if you choose a resolution with a different aspect ratio than your monitor has, XPlane will appear stretched. When a computer freezes after running XPlane for a while, the problem is almost always heat related. Aircraft use this to determine their distance from a fixed NAVAID. Readme License. B. RNP 10), Required Air Navigation Performance Capability, Die Besatzung bernachtet woanders, als an der Heimatbasis; meist auch das Flugzeug es muss entsprechend gesichert werden (Abdeckungen, verzurren), Request Supplementary Flight Plan Message, Low or Medium Frequency Radio Range Station, Internationaler Konzern, Hersteller von Triebwerken, Ein russisches ziviles und militrisches Funknavigationssystem, das dem VOR-, Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion (Cargo Code), Bereits gestrichener Flug wurde wieder in Kraft gesetzt, Neustart; auf einen definierten Startzustand zurcksetzen, ein Flugzeug mit reduzierter Stabilitt hat die Tendenz auszubrechen und muss deshalb von Computern und, Reserve (z. Many aircraft use 3-D cockpit mode by default, but you can also switch to it by opening the View menu, clicking Change (Internal), then clicking 3-D Cockpit Command Look, or by pressing Shift + 9 on the keyboard. Figure 6.3: Weight, Balance, & Fuel screen for the default Boeing 737. To load a replay, open the File menu as before, but select Load Flight. If your multiple monitors are configured as a single large display in your operating system, all you need to do to have XPlane fill the screen with a single large window is go to Settings > Graphics > Monitor Configuration and change the drop down to Full Screen Simulator. If XPlane is still only filling one screen, you may need to pick Custom from the Resolution drop down, and change it to the combined size of all your monitors (for example, two 1920x1080 monitors should be entered as a custom resolution of 3840x1080). Lets talk more about the cyclic. Problems occur, though, when you have very light aircraft with very large wings going very fast, or sitting on the ground with landing gear spread very far out from the center of gravity. After you empty the Recycle Bin/Trash, the program will be removed completely from your hard drive. If each display has a field of view of 45, these images would blend together seamlessly if you didnt consider the width of the displays' bezels. You should now see how fast the simulation is running, in the f-act / sec output on the far left (highlighted in orange in the image below). This is because flight-training systems can only be certified as a complete package (a software and hardware combination). The Antialiasing slider is used to smooth the edges of the objects drawn in the simulator. The first is that with about 20 or 30 instruments available in the XPlane world (accessible via Plane Maker) that indicate speed, saying speed Indicator does not really isolate what instrument is being discussed. The rendering options sliders are organized with settings that depend primarily on CPU on the right, and GPU-heavy options on the left. Your body has developed a system of balance and equilibrium that has evolved in humans over millions of years, and forcing your brain to ignore these signals and to believe what the instruments are telling you is very difficult. This will simply yield a 135 (45 3) field of view. You can add aircraft or custom scenery, or you can download plug-ins that can radically alter the functionality of the simulator. (Of course, if the station is behind you while displaying the TO arrow, then the instrument is reverse sensing. Click on the .sit file you want to load, then press the Load Flight button at the bottom of the screen. The instrument is only accurate when the turn is coordinated-that is, when the airplane is not skidding or slipping through the turn. Allerdings haben Simulatorstunden in vielen Situationen (TEM, CRM, in-flight emergencies, TCAS Warnungen und Reaktionen, GPWS Warnungen, Rauch und Feuer an Bord, Passagierevakuierung) einen hheren Lerneffekt, da die Situation angehalten werden kann und Fehler oder Probleme sofort aufgezeigt, besprochen und korrigiert werden knnen. You can always tune your radios by hand, but you can also auto-tune your COM1 radio by clicking on any line in the ATC list. On many systems the required graphics drivers will already be installed. You might be asked for an admin password or to confirm your choice. This information can then be used to publish the Nav2 If you have purchased a digital download product key, download the latest XPlane installer from our web site and launch it. The biggest difference is that the FAA-certified versions have custom aircraft files with larger instrument panels, which are set up to work with hardware radios like those found in the physical cockpits. The difference between the five-lined report above and the one-liner at the top is that you have actually told us what you are doing. Then open the Settings, and select Network. Note that if youre unable to move the controls through their full range of motion you may simply click the Accept Axis or Skip button for each axis that XPlane believes to be uncalibrated, but which you have confirmed has actually gone through its full range of motion. The ruddr should indicate 1.0 or near 1.0. This will fly a VOR or ILS radial, or to a GPS destination. Downloading real weather will obtain weather and winds information for the entire world. The autopilot power switch is labeled Flight Director Mode, or simply FLIGHT DIR. It has OFF, ON, and AUTO modes. Er besttigt den Eingang der Warnung, indem er auf die Lampe drckt und sie so ausschaltet. Furthermore, any other aircraft you have loaded will also be noted. This console can be used to fail multitudes of aircraft systems, alter the weather and time of day, or relocate the aircraft. If your internet service is unreliable or extremely slow, you may prefer to purchase and use the XPlane DVDs. (Does this mean I need to file a flight plan, set up com1 radios, etc?) If XPlane is not in the list, you can add it by clicking the Allow another program button underneath the list and browsing for it. The GPS essentially combines three things: A NAVCOM 1 radio, a GPS, and a very small moving map. There should now be two copies of the same aircraft folder, where each aircraft file within has its own instrument panel. You would first dial 9,000 into the altitude window. ), Leistungsdatencomputer Teil des Flight Management Systems (FMS). A slip is a bit more difficult to imagine unless youre a pilot already. Figure 4.11: The frame rate per second highlighted. Open Windows Control Panel and select System and Security.. Rather, the difficulty lies in believing what the instruments are saying. Author: Morgan Quigley/[email protected], Ken Conley/[email protected], Jeremy Leibs/[email protected] Thus, if the plane needs to roll right a bit more (or needs to stop rolling left), then enter a positive number for the aileron control. Increasing the resolution may also cause a drop in frame rate if your graphics card is not powerful enough. The large knob controls the integer (counting number) portion of the frequency and the smaller knob controls the decimal portion. They can also have a friend or flight instructor (locally or via the Internet, working from an Instructors Operating Station) fail components on the aircraft without the pilots knowledge. Obviously, XPlane has to be tremendously flexible to be able to run on a three year old computer and also take full advantage of the latest and greatest hardware available. nav2_core . When a computer tries to draw diagonal lines across the finite number of rectangular pixels in a monitor, jaggies resultpixelated-looking, stair-stepped lines. You must hit the VNAV button if you want the FMS to also load altitudes into the altitude window. The ruddr should indicate 1.0 or near 1.0. An exception to the above rule is altitude. std_msgs. Finally, if you want to visualize the path taken by a real-world aircraft, you can format its flight data recorder information in a way that XPlane can interpret. For example, XPlane has been used in crash investigations to depict the view pilots experienced moments before a mid-air collision, or to graphically present to juries and judges the forces that impact an aircraft in flight. This feature essentially takes traditional manipulation and lets you perform the motion at any distance or angle that is convenient for you. ROS2 written in C++. O (OA, OB, OC, OD, OE, OF, OG, OH, OI, OJ, OK, OL, OM, ON, OO, OP, OQ, OR, OS, OT, OU, OV, OW, OX); VR is more demanding on your computer than simply using the desktop simulator. Given X-Planes incredible capabilities and accuracy, it is not possible to run a current release of XPlane on an exceptionally old computer. Luftdruck in Platzhhe; Luftdruckeinstellung am Hhenmesser auf Platzhhe; Hhe ber Flugplatz; Luftdruck in Flugplatzhhe (oder an der Start-Landebahnschwelle) (Artikel: Luftdruck, unter Benutzung aktueller Wetterwerte reduziert auf Meeresspiegelhhe. Keep in mind that all radials are measured as the heading when moving away from a VOR beacon. Scenery can be added or removed at any point in the future by re-running the installer. The horizontal line is above us when we start the approach, since we started 10 nm out from the runway. By clicking on the drop down next to an aircraft type, such as Airliner, you can assign a profile to all aircraft of that type. If you are using a digital download product key, XPlane should remember it. That report indicates what type of computer you are using, what you do to get the problem (in a way that lets us perfectly mirror it), what you think the problem is, and it gives proof that what you believe about the plane is in fact true. The controls for view selection affect the type of view that you are using. Try setting the wind at 30 knots or better at a right angle to a mountain range and running along the upwind side of the mountain range in a glideryou should be able to stay aloft on the climbing air if you stay pretty low. Throughout this section we will refer to any input device as a joystick; the instructions apply to yokes, throttle quadrants, and rudders also. In the Layers section you can use the drop down menus to show wind or clouds and precipitation in real time on the map. If the main rotor loses 10% RPM, the tail rotor loses 10% RPM. Yaw: Movement of the aircrafts body left or right, most easily pictured as a wagging of the aircrafts tail (illustrated in Figure G.1). Time spent flying cross-country, in IFR conditions, and at night, Windows 8 64-bits or newer operating system, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, or Windows Mixed Reality (WMR), Windows Mixed Reality for SteamVR for WMR. Select the device, right click it, and choose Update Driver Software.. They will show up on the right. A smart pilot with a good airplane, a good autopilot, and good planning will dial in the assigned altitude long before he or she gets there (including the initial altitude before take off) and then use vertical speed, flight level change, or even pitch sync to reach that altitude. The retail version of XPlane purchased at X-Plane.comis not certified for flight training right out of the box, since certification requires a software and hardware combination. While it is physically possible to fly XPlane with only the mouse and keyboard, this can be cumbersome and unrealistic (for obvious reasons). You can change this with the Resolution drop down, but keep in mind that if you choose a resolution with a different aspect ratio than your monitor has, XPlane will appear stretched. If a 135 field of view is described in a flat plane or in an arc of monitors that describe less than 135 of arc, fisheye distortion will result, apparent as a horizon that seems to bend and distort between monitors. The ATHR button also controls airspeed, but in the reverse of the SPD button. To put it bluntly, in a real aircraft, your life depends on ignoring your feelings and senses and flying based solely on the information in front of you. tf maintains the relationship between coordinate frames in a tree structure buffered in time, and lets the user transform points, vectors, etc between any two coordinate frames at any desired point in time. Rotations per minute (RPM): a way of measuring the speed of a rotor or propeller. Refer to the following to determine the significance of this number. Note that for many of the most popular flight controls, you will be able to refer to the labeled image on the left if you are unsure which button is being assigned. Building airspeed before climbing this way will help keep the plane from stalling. In addition, you might take advantage of a number of features of the simulator either before or during a flight. In the right side of the Weather Settings window are the setting sliders for atmospheric conditions. This box will cause XPlane to display the input it is receiving while running the simulation. If the flight director is set to AUTO, then the autopilot servos will actually fly the airplane according to the autopilot mode you have selected. Thrust vector: The direction in which the engine or rotors thrust is going; for a helicopter sitting on a helipad with its controls at neutral, this is straight down. See the discussion in the Indicated airspeed (IAS) entry below. From the main navigation screen, click the large knob twice to get to the group of menus for nearest airport, intersection, NDB, VOR, and airspace. Figure 10.1: The Data Output section of Settings. The code consists of numbers and capital letters; the letters i and o and the numbers 0 and 1 are never used, to avoid confusion. Heading (HDG): An aircrafts heading is the direction that its nose is pointing. Once the Steam client is installed and you have signed in, go to Library > VR. Once the airway is charted, the aircraft will be over mapped terrain height for the entire trip, and course corrections can be made quickly to stay on the desired radial. Click on the Calibrate button and follow the instructions to complete calibration. You can contact XPlane customer support to receive a new, unlocked digital download product key, and your old one will be discarded. Build up from there as needed, including each step in the checklist so that we can go through it and see the same thing you see. Additionally, the glide slope indicator will begin to move. This map is used for the Navigation. V-airways (victor airways): Victor airways are the pre-charted airways that are defined by a series of VORs. Kalitta has used XPlane to train their pilots to fly freight 747s in the middle of the night. If the reference line is on your left that means that your target radial is on your left, and you should turn that direction. Dont worry if it takes a few tries to learn how to keep the aircraft on the runwaya Cessna can take off in the grass just fine. If this happens, you will need to open the Flight Configuration screen and start a new flight. X-Plane 12.50 adds the ability to run the sim with the modern rendering APIs Vulkan (for Windows & Linux) and Metal (for Mac). Glide slope (G/S): The angle at which an aircraft approaches (or needs to approach) a runway; often used when discussing navigation by instruments. Tap the target icon to center the view on the aircraft. The following autopilot functions are available in XPlane. Note that XPlane is not a computational fluid dynamics application, but it makes a decent stab at seeing how the craft affects the flow field, and how that in turn affects other parts of the craft. If you are in speed or level change mode, the autopilot will try to maintain the airspeed (by pitching nose up or down) that you had at the moment you released the pitch sync button. To load a situation in order to fly it again, open the File menu and click Load Flight. Wie auch bisher reicht es, wenn der zweite Pilot nur ein CPL hat, nur ein Pilot im Zweimanncockpit bentigt ein MPL bzw. Click the + (plus) button, then select your copy of X-Plane.app. Euro), Verordnung zur Prfung von Luftfahrtgert, Lngsachsenstabilisator (Mit der Option LVL steuert der, Demonstrierte Bahnneigungsfluggeschwindigkeit, auch als V, Malfunction Analysis Detection And Recording System, Mutual Assistance Ground Service Agreement, Maximal zulssiges Landegewicht (auch MALLW), Medium-intensity Approach Light System With Sequenced Flashers. This option is the only supported way to recenter your view inside the cockpit. You can also change the pilot voice here from male to female. In the Viewpoint dialog box, go to the Cockpit tab. In fact, for any reasonably normal aircraft that has reasonably normal accelerations, a frame rate of 20 fps or more is fine. Hardly anyone even thinks to mention whether they are on Mac, Windows, or Linux! In the Uncalibrated Joystick or Yoke box that appears, click the Open Joystick Calibration button then continue with the steps below. Continue flying the same altitude, and the line will slowly come down to the center, and from there you should control the descent to keep it there. With the autopilot turned on (either to the flight director-only mode or the servo-driven control mode), you are ready to use the autopilot functions. You will need to restart XPlane to see the effect of changing this slider. ROS2 written in C++. However, like most keys in X-Plane, you can modify these settings if you like, and you can even assign an established Quick Look to your joystick as described in the section Assigning Functions to Buttons. You must also respond within a reasonable amount of time or they will repeat their instructions. If rudder pedals arent available, the twist on a joystick can be used for anti-torque control. Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI): This instrument is found in the panel of many aircraft in XPlane. The plane will not go there yet; before it will, you must choose how you want to get to this new altitude. These are not used much any more because with GPS navigation, the idea of going to pre-defined points (like picking up bread-crumbs to find ones way home) is disappearing. To change the key a command is bound to, type in the box on the right or use the +. Click Continue once again. Once the craft is in the air and the collective pitch of the main rotor is being adjusted (in X-Plane, using the joystick throttle), try holding the craft 10 feet in the air and adjusting the tail-rotor pitch with the anti-torque pedals (i.e., rudder pedals or a twisting stick) to keep the nose pointed right down the runway. Having installed XPlane as described in the previous chapter, you can configure the simulator in a number of ways. This section highlights some of the example behavior tree xml files provided by default in the project to do interesting tasks. For example, there will typically be a large knob on the surface of the radio, with a smaller knob sticking out from the large one. Video 4.3: Configuring the monitor tutorial. You can have XPlane choose a random location near you by clicking the Special Starts button at the bottom of the Location screen, then selecting Get Me Lost from the bottom of the list. If the joystick used does not twist for yaw control, then XPlane will do its best to adjust the tail rotors lift to counter the main rotors torque in flight. Maintainer status: maintained; Maintainer: Michel Hidalgo Building for a specific released distribution (e.g. You can use the buttons on the left side to narrow down the list, or use the plus and minus symbols to change how many items are shown from the list of functions. Additionally, you can check the always track real date and time box to keep XPlane in sync with the date and time set in your operating system. Figure 6.1: The Air Traffic Controller list at KSEA. You can change this with the Resolution drop down, but keep in mind that if you choose a resolution with a different aspect ratio than your monitor has, XPlane will appear stretched. ), A good report would say, On a Mac running MacOS Monterey, I renamed the preferences and opened [an aircraft included with X-Plane] via the File menu, then I set the controls as follows, then I observed the manifold pressure gauge to indicate manifold pressure of zero as I advanced the power, though in the real plane I would get 25 of manifold pressure in this plane, as I know from the following excerpt from the planes pilots operating handbook.". Pressing the space bar will release the line between the aircraft, allowing you to soar freely. If you cannot set up the monitors to run their effective image all the way to the edge (as you can with some, even though you wouldnt be able to see the part under the border), you might instead try a field of view of maybe 43 based on whatever fraction of the monitor is visible. Once youve finished assigning functions to buttons, close the Joystick screen by pressing the Done button. Depending on the type of axis, there will be additional options to configure ranges for certain axis-specific behaviors such as beta & reverse ranges for throttles, feather range for prop controls, or cutoff range for mixture controls. This is referred to as water world. To avoid water world, either install the scenery for the location in which youre flying, or choose to fly somewhere else. You can assign a different key by following the instructions in Configuring Keyboard Shortcuts. If someone manages to steal your digital download product key, piracy is prevented by fraud detection; our servers will see your digital download product key being used in a pattern that looks like multiple people (e.g. Since we are coming in for our final approach, select Vectors. Vectors uses ATC to tell you where to go to line up for approach. The bottom left portion toggles between ramp & runway starts. Nach berfliegen des PET ist bei Bedarf der nchstfolgende Alternate zu whlen, der nach dem PET eingetragen ist; bei ausgefallenem Triebwerk (1X) gibt es einen anderen PET (PET 1X); PET DC gilt bei Dekompression der Kabine; PET DX gilt bei Dekompression und einem ausgefallenen Triebwerk, Mitreisendes Haustier (bis 6kg) in der Kabine einer Passagiermaschine, Flugingenieur (meist fr Zelle und Triebwerk A & P), Flugberatungsbulletin (vor dem Abflug erstellt), Flugzeug-Handbuch fr die Piloten auch Pilots Operating Handbook (POH) genannt, Pilotenwettermeldung (aus dem fliegenden Flugzeug), Kalkulierte Treibstoffmenge zum Zeitpunkt des Abfluges (der Treibstoff zum Anlassen und Taxi wurde bis dahin schon verbrannt), Kalkuliertes Gewicht ohne Treibstoff aber mit Zuladung; geplantes Leertankgewicht; geplantes Leerstartgewicht, hchstzulssiges flugleistungslimitiertes Landegewicht, Beobachtender Pilot wurde frher als Pilot Non Flying (PNF; nicht fliegender Pilot) bezeichnet das Gegenstck zu Pilot Flying (PF), Genehmigung zur Herstellung von Ersatzteilen/Ersatzgerten, Abteilung fr medizinische Beratung von Passagieren hinsichtlich ihrer Flugtauglichkeit (z. The LCD will change to a data entry screen. std_msgs provides many basic message types. Modern navigation (after the 1930s) was based on ground-based transmitters. The PTCH button controls the pitch sync function. Expand the iPhone & iPad section of the list on the right side of the screen. Veterans Pension Benefits (Aid & Attendance). 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