Lisfranc injury. Treatment and prognosis fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Calcaneal fracture. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. intra-articular glenoid fracture. Anderson and D'Alonzo Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Gross anatomy. There is no associated bone fragment. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. For pediatric patients, see: ankle fracture (peds), Isolated medial or posterior malleolar fracture, Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture, Tips for Managing Weber B Ankle Fractures By Joseph Noack, MD; and Spencer Tomberg, MD. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. There is no associated bone fragment. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Practical points. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Plain radiograph. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Check out the new My Emergency Department app - a single source of truth for all your ED team's guidelines, policies and education content. Differential diagnosis Associations The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. more: Jones fracture. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. transverse fracture through diaphysis. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. Pathology Mechanism. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. fracture through the physis Pathology Mechanism. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Anderson and D'Alonzo Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Classification. Treatment and prognosis Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. Epidemiology Classification. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Practical points There are two classification systems 5,6. Epidemiology Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. Classification. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Plain radiograph. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Classification. There is no associated bone fragment. Practical points. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Practical points The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. transverse fracture through diaphysis. more: Jones fracture. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process The ligament is composed of two layers. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. Classification. Lisfranc injury. Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. Classification. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Pathology. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Jones fracture. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Associations Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. ACEP Now April 14, 2020, This page was last edited 19:56, 12 January 2021 by, http://radiopaedia.org/articles/weber_ankle_fracture_classification, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=12595378, https://www.acepnow.com/article/tips-for-managing-weber-b-ankle-fractures/?singlepage=1, https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Ankle_fracture&oldid=292390, Examine for ecchymoses, abrasions, or swelling, 4 sensation distributions: saphenous nerve (medial mal), superficial fib (lat mal), sural nerve (lateral 5th digit), deep fib (1st web space), Note skin integrity and areas of tenderness or crepitus over ankle, Range joint passively and actively to evaluate for stability, Perform anterior drawer test (positive exam suggests torn ATFL), Perform a crossed-leg test to detect syndesmotic injury, Palpate midfoot and base of 5th metatarsal for tenderness, AP: Best for isolated lateral and medial malleolar fractures, Best for evaluating for unstable fracture or soft tissue injury, At a point 1 cm proximal to tibial plafond space between tib/fib should be 6mm, Lateral: Best for posterior malleolar fractures, Consider proximal tib/fib films and talus fractures, System based on level of the fibular fracture and characterizes stability of fracture, Tibial plafond and the two malleoli is referred to as the ankle "mortise" (or talar mortise), Fibula fracture below ankle joint/distal to plafond, Usually stable: occasionally requires ORIF, Fibula fracture at the level of the ankle joint/at the plafond, Can extend superiorly and laterally up fibula, Tibiofibular syndesmosis intact or only partially torn, No widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Use gravity or weight bearing stress X-rays to determine stability, Fibula fracture above the level of the ankle joint/proximal to plafond, Tibiofibular syndesmosis disrupted with widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Neurovascular compromise from fracture requires emergent reduction and/or orthopedic intervention, Stable, nondisplaced, isolated malleolar fracture: Splint or cast, early wt bearing, RICE, Unstable or displaced fracture: Requires ORIF, ortho consult, reduce and splint, If stable (see Weber classification) treat like severe, Signs of medial (deltoid) ligament disruption such as medial swelling, ecchymosis, or TTP, Widening of medial clear space (suggests deltoid ligament injury), Immediate reduction or ortho consult in ED. Pathology Mechanism. fracture through the physis Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Jones fracture. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Differential diagnosis Practical points. calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with more: Jones fracture. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Epidemiology. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Plain radiograph. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. There are two classification systems 5,6. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. transverse fracture through diaphysis. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. fracture through the physis These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Terminology. Classification. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. high risk of nonunion. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Epidemiology. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. Pathology. Treatment and prognosis Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Pathology. This page is for adult patients. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Classification. intra-articular glenoid fracture. intra-articular glenoid fracture. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Terminology. Calcaneal fracture. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Anderson and D'Alonzo They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury Epidemiology. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. There are two classification systems 5,6. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Associations Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Calcaneal fracture. Classification. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Classification. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. Lisfranc injury. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Epidemiology. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. The ligament is composed of two layers. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Epidemiology. Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. Classification. Differential diagnosis Classification. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. Gross anatomy. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. high risk of nonunion. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury Classification. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. Classification. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. Classification. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Terminology. The ligament is composed of two layers. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Practical points It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Epidemiology. Epidemiology Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. high risk of nonunion. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Gross anatomy. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. Jones fracture. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. 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