[96], Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is used in Canada and the U.S. to boost octane rating. The reason for this shortage developed before the war even began. "[66] The solution had to wait for the repairing of the railroad lines and bridges so that the more efficient trains could replace the gasoline-consuming truck convoys. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. Currently, many countries set limits on gasoline aromatics in general, benzene in particular, and olefin (alkene) content. In 1944, General George Patton's Third Army finally stalled just short of the German border after running out of gasoline. If the concentration of benzene exceeds 40 ppm, it can cause leukemia, and xylene can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. To address this problem, tetraethyl lead (TEL) was widely adopted as an additive for gasoline in the 1920s. Learn a new word every day. Though only three percent of U.S. combat aircraft in 1935 could take full advantage of the higher octane due to low compression ratios, the Army saw that the need for increasing performance warranted the expense and purchased 100,000 gallons. fuel pronunciation. Until late 2010, fuel retailers were only authorized to sell fuel containing up to 10 percent ethanol (E10), and most vehicle warranties (except for flexible fuel vehicles) authorize fuels that contain no more than 10 percent ethanol. although gasolina is used in Spanish and Portuguese and gasorin is used in Japanese. In many areas throughout the U.S., oxygenate blending is mandated by EPA regulations to reduce smog and other airborne pollutants. [144], The International Energy Agency said in 2021 that "road fuels should be taxed at a rate that reflects their impact on peoples health and the climate". The situation was only resolved when the American Petroleum Institute (API) initiated a conference to address the fuel problem and a cooperative fuel research (CFR) committee was established in 1920, to oversee joint investigative programs and solutions. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. [15][16] "Petrol" was used as a product name in about 1870, as the name of a refined mineral oil product sold by British wholesaler Carless, Capel & Leonard, which marketed it as a solvent. The use of bioethanol and bio-methanol, either directly or indirectly by conversion of ethanol to bio-ETBE, or methanol to bio-MTBE is encouraged by the European Union Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport. [13] The Oxford English Dictionary dates its first recorded use to 1863 when it was spelled "gasolene". gal)compared to $0.048 ($0.18) for motor gasoline when the Army decided to experiment with 100-octane for its combat aircraft. There was a strong smell of gasoline inside the car. [72], Commercial gas is a mixture of a large number of different hydro-carbons. noun [ U ] NATURAL RESOURCES, TRANSPORT US formal uk / s lin / us gas (Definition of gasoline from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary Cambridge University Press) Examples of gasoline gasoline The only way to get more revenue from the gas tax is to use more gasoline. Human exposure to large amounts of aldehydes can cause eye irritation, nausea, and dizziness. In December 1941 the U.S. had 385,000 oil wells producing 1.6billion barrels (0.2510^9m3; 9.010^9cuft) barrels of oil a year and 100-octane aviation gasoline capacity was at 40,000 barrels (6,400m3; 220,000cuft) a day. [34] If abnormal combustion were to occur, the engine could lose enough power to make getting airborne impossible and a take-off roll became a threat to the pilot and aircraft. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Iso-octane in the early development stage cost $7.9 per liter ($30/U.S. How to pronounce Gasoline in English? Congrats! Don Silas. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, The only way to get more revenue from the gas tax is to use more, The truth is that they knew they were not just getting close to a fire, but standing in the flames while taking a, At these income levels, there's money for housing, food, and, Since output does not change, there is little reason to believe that the price of oil, or. Before this, the Army had considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $6.6 per liter ($25/U.S. Use our interactive phonemic chart to hear each symbol spoken, followed by an example of the sound in a word. Mr Joe Ajaero, the NLC President . ", "How much carbon dioxide is produced by burning gasoline and diesel fuel? When Carless was denied a trademark on "petrol" in the 1930s, its competitors switched to the more popular name "petrol". aralarda kullanlan gaz, likit gaz, benzin, Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. With the Japanese invasion of French Indochina in September 1940, came great concerns about the possible Japanese invasion of the Dutch Indies to secure their oil. Register These new thermally "cracked" gasolines were believed to have no harmful effects and would be added to straight-run gasolines. He is perfectly capable of introducing a bill requiring all cars to run on corn stalks instead of gasoline. Tetraethyl lead was one of these additives, and use of leaded gasoline as fuel was responsible for much of the human body burden of this metal for a number of years. Had the Japanese destroyed the oil," he added, "it would have prolonged the war another two years. 1. a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) Octane rating became important as the military sought higher output for aircraft engines in the late 1920s and the 1940s. B-4 was equivalent to 89-octane and the C-3 was roughly equal to the U.S. 100-octane, though lean mixture was rated around 95-octane and was poorer than the U.S. version. Therefore, humans may be exposed to gasoline through methods such as breathing, eating, and skin contact. Beginning in 1916, Charles F. Kettering of General Motors began investigating additives based on two paths, the "high percentage" solution (where large quantities of ethanol were added) and the "low percentage" solution (where only 0.53-1.1 g/L or 0.071-0.147 oz / U.S. gal were needed). This is often referred to as engine knocking or end-gas knock. Most gasoline sold in Sweden has 515 percent ethanol added. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition These early eastern crude oil gasolines had relatively high Baum test results (65 to 80 degrees Baum) and were called "Pennsylvania high-test" or simply "high-test" gasolines. The composition of these early fuels was unknown and the quality varied greatly as crude oils from different oil fields emerged in different mixtures of hydrocarbons in different ratios. The metal impurities might arise from the engine itself or as contaminants in the fuel. Seems like your pronunciation of gasoline is not correct. Gasoline stability requirements are set by the standard ASTM D4814. At this stage, a large percentage of cars from the 1980s and early 1990s which ran on leaded gasoline were still in use, along with cars that could run on unleaded fuel. Later processes, designed to raise the yield of gasoline from crude oil, split large molecules into smaller ones by processes known as cracking. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? [61] World War II marked the first time in U.S. history that gasoline was rationed and the government imposed price controls to prevent inflation. Substituted aromatics such as toluene, xylene, and cumene, combined with limited benzene, solved the problem. By the 1890s, Germany began to pursue a policy of global prominence and began building a navy to compete with Britain's. [62], Even with the world's largest aviation gasoline production, the U.S. military still found that more was needed. [154], Below is a table of the energy density (per volume) and specific energy (per mass) of various transportation fuels as compared with gasoline. [123] In 2012, the issue once again made the news media in Canada.[124]. Oops! This action prompted the U.S. to move its Pacific fleet from Southern California to Pearl Harbor to help stiffen British resolve to stay in Indochina. [89] A study found a correlation between leaded gasoline usage and violent crime. These are words often used in combination with gasoline. Industry produces 23% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, which makes cleaning up businesses a crucial part of the fight against climate change. or post as a guest. Even the storage of gasoline in suitable tanks set down in the earth is not a nuisance. It can irritate the conjunctiva of the eyes, cause tearing, and cause pink eyes. Even after the Nazis conquered the vast territories of Europe, this did not help the gasoline shortage. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio or supercharger boost, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output. In severe cases, it may lead to death. For example, in Southern California fuel must contain two percent oxygen by weight, resulting in a mixture of 5.6 percent ethanol in gasoline. [43][44] On 27 October 1924, newspaper articles around the nation told of the workers at the Standard Oil refinery near Elizabeth, New Jersey who were producing TEL and were suffering from lead poisoning. Environmentalists are calling for tax on gasoline to be increased. In 2004, over 13billion liters (3.410^9U.S.gal) of ethanol was produced in the U.S. for fuel use, mostly from corn and sold as E10. By 1941, principally through the efforts of the Cooperative Fuel Research Committee, the number of grades for aviation fuels was reduced to three: 73, 91, and 100 octane. Slang Idle or boastful talk. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. [128] The number of people sniffing petrol goes up and down over time as young people experiment or sniff occasionally. something that gives nourishment; food. 6. Most countries tax gasoline and diesel, but those earnings are under threat as more and more people shift to electric vehicles. People can be exposed to gasoline in the workplace by swallowing it, breathing in vapors, skin contact, and eye contact. Now the current architect of the franchise, Fast X director Louis Leterrier, is pouring, The Tonale has four drive modes: D dynamic for sporty driving. The use of TEL also necessitated other additives, such as dibromoethane. Originally a by-product of the petroleum industry (kerosene being the principal product), gasoline became the preferred automobile fuel because of its high energy of combustion and capacity to mix readily with air in a carburetor. The conversion between the two fuels occurs twice a year, once in autumn (winter mix) and the other in spring (summer mix). It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, Oxford Learner's Dictionaries Word of the Day. [12], This is the earliest occurrence of the word to have been found. Although some sources argue that sniffing was introduced by U.S. servicemen stationed in the nation's Top End during World War II[125] or through experimentation by 1940s-era Cobourg Peninsula sawmill workers,[126] other sources claim that inhalant abuse (such as glue inhalation) emerged in Australia in the late 1960s. In August 2021, the UN Environment Programme announced that leaded petrol had been eradicated worldwide, with Algeria being the last country to deplete its reserves. The general was so upset at the arrival of a truckload of rations instead of gasoline he was reported to have shouted: "Hell, they send us food, when they know we can fight without food but not without oil. "Ban on leaded petrol 'has cut crime rates around the world', "Highly polluting leaded petrol now eradicated from the world, says UN", "Leaded gas was phased out 25 years ago. [clarification needed] Because of its low density, gasoline floats on water, and therefore water cannot generally be used to extinguish a gasoline fire unless applied in a fine mist. Send us feedback about these examples. According to poison specialist Brad Dahl, "even two mouthfuls wouldn't be that dangerous as long as it goes down to your stomach and stays there or keeps going". Can you pronounce this word better. Although the mandate does not require a specific percentage of ethanol, annual increases in the target combined with declining gasoline consumption have caused the typical ethanol content in gasoline to approach 10 percent. The term is thought to have been influenced by the trademark "Cazeline" or "Gazeline", named after the surname of British publisher, coffee merchant, and social campaigner John Cassell. natural gas, gas (verb) a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Since producing bioethanol from fermented sugars and starches involves distillation, though, ordinary people in much of Europe cannot legally ferment and distill their own bioethanol at present (unlike in the U.S., where getting a BATF distillation permit has been easy since the 1973 oil crisis). Robert E. Allen, Director of Information, American Petroleum Institute, Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schtze and Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in, "Top Tier Detergent Gasoline (Deposits, Fuel Economy, No Start, Power, Performance, Stall Concerns)", GM Bulletin, 04-06-04-047, 06-Engine/Propulsion System, June 2004. ; Record yourself saying 'gasoline' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen.You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily. [106], Though gasoline is a naturally colorless liquid, many gasolines are dyed in various colors to indicate their composition and acceptable uses. Without a long-term guaranteed market, the petroleum industry would not risk its capital to expand production for a product that only the government would buy. The development of a "spray nozzle" carburetor enabled the use of less volatile fuels. In Finland, Sweden, and Norway, 95 RON is the standard for regular unleaded gasoline and 98 RON is also available as a more expensive option. You've got the pronunciation of gasoline right. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? By. Although blood lead levels have fallen dramatically since the United States began phasing out leaded gasoline in 1973 and banned lead in house paint in 1978, the toxic metal persists in the environment. The specific gravity of gasoline ranges from 0.71 to 0.77,[76] with higher densities having a greater volume fraction of aromatics. The dangers of compounds containing lead were well-established by then and Kettering was directly warned by Robert Wilson of MIT, Reid Hunt of Harvard, Yandell Henderson of Yale, and Erik Krause of the University of Potsdam in Germany about its use. By 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6 percent of total gasoline sales and under 1,800 metric tons (2,000 short tons; 1,800 long tons) of lead per year. E85 is slowly becoming available in much of the U.S., though many of the relatively few stations vending E85 are not open to the general public.[111]. The pressure exerted by a gas is the result of the innumerable impacts of the molecules on the container walls and appears steady to human senses because so many collisions occur each second on all sections of the walls. "The despot gassed the rebellious tribes". The exhaust gas generated by burning gasoline is harmful to both the environment and to human health. noun [ U ] US uk / s. In the same year, the U.S. Army Air Force specified fuels rated at 87 octane for its aircraft as a result of studies it had conducted. Arson charge for man who cleaned home with gasoline, Canadian gasoline tops $1 a litre, politicians consider options, Iraqi gasoline is the cheapest in the world at $.05 per gallon, Hawaii legislature reaches agreement to suspend gasoline price cap, Israeli gasoline supplier to Palestinians cuts supply. Some scientists[who?] Conversely, LPG's energy content by weight is higher than gasoline's due to a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. noun US and Canadian any one of various volatile flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons, mainly hexane, heptane, and octane, obtained from petroleum and used as a solvent and a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Etymology "Gasoline" (often shortened to "gas" and differentiated from avgas in the names "motor gas" or "mogas") is a North American word that denotes fuel for automobiles. The American Heritage Science Dictionary Break 'gasoline' down into sounds: [GAS] + [UH] + [LEEN] - say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. Consumer Reports magazine says, "If [your owner's manual] says to use regular fuel, do sothere's no advantage to a higher grade. This standard describes the various characteristics and requirements of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions in ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. Sessions I. petrol /hydrogen-fuelled cars Something that fuels a feeling or a type of behaviour increases it or makes it stronger: (.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}See Leadcrime hypothesis). Definition and synonyms of gasoline from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Education. [137] Most of the retail gasoline now sold in the U.S. contains about 10 percent fuel ethanol (or E10) by volume. We recommend you to try Safari. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. This led to a confusing variety of test engines that gave conflicting results, and no standard rating scale existed. But commercial aviation had greater economic concerns than the maximum performance that the military could afford. These are words often used in combination with gasoline. [137], Worldwide 7 liters of gasoline are burnt for every 100km driven by cars and vans. Gasoline with 102 RON may rarely be available for racing purposes.[81][82][83]. Three different ethanol blends are sold in the NetherlandsE5, E10 and hE15. Gasoline containing ethanol is especially subject to absorbing atmospheric moisture, then forming gums, solids, or two phases (a hydrocarbon phase floating on top of a water-alcohol phase). Federal Regulators Refused to Penalize It. You can contribute this audio pronunciation of gasoline to HowToPronounce dictionary. Discussions are ongoing to allow 10 percent blending of ethanol (available in Finnish, French and German gasoline stations). [130] Opal is a non-sniffable fuel (which is much less likely to cause a high) and has made a difference in some indigenous communities. [107] In the U.S., aviation gasoline (avgas) is dyed to identify its octane rating and to distinguish it from kerosene-based jet fuel, which is left colorless. As octane numbers increased so did the cost of gasoline but the incremental increase in efficiency becomes less as compression ratio goes up. Thermal cracking produced large amounts of both mono- and diolefins (unsaturated hydrocarbons), which increased the risk of gumming. At $485, this was an expensive option that few consumers could afford and would only appeal to the performance-oriented consumer market willing to pay for the premium fuel required. General Motors, DuPont, and Standard Oil, who were partners in Ethyl Corporation, the company created to produce TEL, began to argue that there were no alternatives to leaded gasoline that would maintain fuel efficiency and still prevent engine knocking. Delivered to your inbox! Spark-ignition engines are designed to burn gasoline in a controlled process called deflagration. Heinz Guderian and his Panzer divisions consumed nearly 2.4 liters per kilometer (1U.S.gal/mi) of gasoline on the drive to Vienna. Please See also petroleum. Also known as: gas, gasolene, motor gasoline, petrol. gal) for gasoline and $0.064 per liter ($0.244/U.S. gal) by September 2009. In 1929, the octane rating scale was adopted, and in 1930, the first octane specification for aviation fuels was established. Fuel stabilizers are commonly used for small engines, such as lawnmower and tractor engines, especially when their use is sporadic or seasonal (little to no use for one or more seasons of the year). Most fuel pumps display a sticker that states that the fuel may contain up to 10 percent ethanol, an intentional disparity that reflects the varying actual percentage. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Through the GermanSoviet Commercial Agreement (1940), Stalin agreed in vague terms to supply Germany with additional oil equal to that produced by now Soviet-occupied Polish oilfields at Drohobych and Boryslav in exchange for hard coal and steel tubing. an energy source for engines, power plants, or reactors: Kerosene is used as jet engine fuel. [77] Finished marketable gasoline is traded (in Europe) with a standard reference of 0.755 kilograms per liter (6.30lb/U.S. However, the declining number of such cars on British roads saw many gasoline stations withdrawing LRP from sale by 2003. [149], About nine percent of all gasoline sold in the U.S. in May 2009 was premium grade, according to the Energy Information Administration. As a result of the lessons of World War I, Germany had stockpiled oil and gasoline for its blitzkrieg offensive and had annexed Austria, adding 18,000 barrels (2,900m3; 100,000cuft) per day of oil production, but this was not sufficient to sustain the planned conquest of Europe. English pronunciation of gasoline gasoline uk / s.l.in/ How to pronounce gasoline noun in British English us / s.l.in/ How to pronounce gasoline noun in American English Additives like benzene, with a freezing point of 6C (42F), would freeze in the gasoline and plug fuel lines. Users have been advised to keep gasoline containers more than half full and properly capped to reduce air exposure, to avoid storage at high temperatures, to run an engine for ten minutes to circulate the stabilizer through all components prior to storage, and to run the engine at intervals to purge stale fuel from the carburetor.[72]. Smaller cars don't guzzle so much gasoline. Dictionary.com Unabridged The slang term "gas" in reference to Gasoline can be ambiguous with Natural Gas (also referred to as simply "gas"), which is often used for home heating. Automobile compression ratios increased from an average of 5.3-to-1 in 1931 to just 6.7-to-1 in 1946. This degradation can be prevented through the addition of 5100 ppm of antioxidants, such as phenylenediamines and other amines. "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. [68] It would not be until 1957 that the first U.S. automobile manufacturer could mass-produce an engine that would produce one horsepower per cubic inch, the Chevrolet 283hp/283 cubic inch V-8 engine option in the Corvette. [87], Reduction in the average lead content of human blood may be a major cause for falling violent crime rates around the world[88] including South Africa. [137] Burning E10 produces about 2.119 kilograms per liter (17.68lb/USgal) of CO2 that is emitted from the fossil fuel content. gasoline, also spelled gasolene, also called gas or petrol, mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and used as fuel for internal-combustion engines. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Gasoline should ideally be stored in an airtight container (to prevent oxidation or water vapor mixing in with the gas) that can withstand the vapor pressure of the gasoline without venting (to prevent the loss of the more volatile fractions) at a stable cool temperature (to reduce the excess pressure from liquid expansion and to reduce the rate of any decomposition reactions). Gasoline. Nglish: Translation of gasoline for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of gasoline for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about gasoline. To further complicate the situation, as engine performance increased, the altitude that aircraft could reach also increased, which resulted in concerns about the fuel freezing. The higher expansion ratio extracts more work from the high-pressure gas created by the combustion process. Gummy, sticky resin deposits result from oxidative degradation of gasoline during long-term storage. FlexControl Essentials promised to let customers first pay off everyday purchases like gasoline and groceries which the bank said could lower the monthly bill. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of gasoline. Last updated on March 1, 2023. The earliest straight-run gasolines were the result of distilling eastern crude oils and there was no mixing of distillates from different crudes. Similar problems were reported in Sheshatshiu in 2000 and also in Pikangikum First Nation. The use of the term paraffin in place of the standard chemical nomenclature alkane is particular to the oil industry. By 1937, the Army established 100-octane as the standard fuel for combat aircraft, and to add to the confusion, the government now recognized 14 different grades, in addition to 11 others in foreign countries. 21K views 5 years ago This video shows you how to pronounce GAS in British English. "We had about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4+12million barrels [0.7210^6m3; 2510^6cuft] of oil out there and all of it was vulnerable to .50 caliber bullets. The winter blended fuel has a higher RVP because the fuel must be able to evaporate at a low temperature for the engine to run normally. The free market did not support the expense of producing 100-octane aviation fuel in large volume, especially during the Great Depression. On 28 July 1941, Japan invaded southern Indochina. Military aircraft were using expensive turbo-supercharged engines that cost at least 10 times as much per horsepower as automobile engines and had to be overhauled every 700 to 1,000 hours. Gasoline (US, CA; /slin/) or petrol (CW except Canada; /ptrl/) (see Etymology) is a transparent, slight yellowish petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). The engine effects produced by abnormal combustion (engine knocking and pre-ignition) due to inferior fuels had not yet been identified, and as a result, there was no rating of gasoline in terms of its resistance to abnormal combustion. [93] The use of leaded additives is still permitted worldwide for the formulation of some grades of aviation gasoline such as 100LL, because the required octane rating is difficult to reach without the use of leaded additives. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. He also added: "Ending the use of leaded petrol will prevent more than one million premature deaths each year from heart disease, strokes and cancer, and it will protect children whose IQs are damaged by exposure to lead". An engine tuned for LPG fuel via higher compression ratios (typically 12:1) improves the power output. After the U.S. banned all exports of steel and iron scrap, the next day, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact and this led Washington to fear that a complete U.S. oil embargo would prompt the Japanese to invade the Dutch East Indies. Drivers are lining up at gas stations across Nigeria after the country's new leader scrapped a subsidy program that has helped reduce the price of fuel, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/gasoline-fuel, Chemistry LibreTexts - Gasoline - A Deeper Look, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Gasoline, Engineering and Technology History Wiki - Gasoline, gasoline - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Drivers line up for gasoline across Nigeria after new president scraps fuel subsidy. In addition, more than 300 million tons of crude oil, Yet, these same workers when around "empty" drums of, The cost per car trip in colones was calculated based on conversion tables, which included the percentage increase in, Another example is the 1978 directive on lead content of. We have a gas-fuelled heating system. The "low percentage" solution ultimately led to the discovery of tetraethyllead (TEL) in December 1921, a product of the research of Midgley and Boyd and the defining component of leaded gasoline. As it turned out, Japan bought 550 percent more sub-87 octane aviation gasoline in the five months after the July 1940 ban on higher octane sales. Gasoline is used as a fuel for internal-combustion engines in automobiles, motorcycles, and small trucks. GermanSoviet Commercial Agreement (1940), Learn how and when to remove this template message, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Refining crude oil - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "Why small planes still use leaded fuel decades after phase-out in cars", "Race Fuel 101: Lead and Leaded Racing Fuels", "Preventing and Detecting Underground Storage Tank (UST) Releases", "Evaluation of the Carcinogenicity of Unleaded Gasoline", "Releases or emission of CO2 per Liter of fuel (Gasoline, Diesel, LPG)", "Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet", Oxford Dictionaries (blog): The etymology of gasoline, "Improved apparatus for vaporizing and aerating volatile hydrocarbon,", Carless, Capel and Leonard Ltd Records: Administrative History, "India's thirst for gasoline helps spur global oil demand: Kemp", "Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria", "Nafta in English Spanish to English Translation", "Evaluation of Wright Flyer's Engine | Internal Combustion Engine | Vehicle Parts", "Early Liquid Fuels and the Controversial Octane Number Tests", "Kurfrst - TECHNICAL REPORT NO. The chief risks of such leaks come not from vehicles, but gasoline delivery truck accidents and leaks from storage tanks. Corrections? Through captured enemy aircraft and analysis of the gasoline found in them, both the Allies and the Axis powers were aware of the quality of the aviation gasoline being produced and this prompted an octane race to achieve the advantage in aircraft performance. Easy. accelerator, accelerator pedal, gas pedal, gas, throttle, gun (noun) a pedal that controls the throttle valve. [86] By this time, the Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 was developing 1,500 kilowatts (2,000hp) using this fuel. The gasoline used also gave off a gas of highly explosive character and one very likely to escape from leaky tanks or joints. On average, U.S. refineries produce, from a barrel of crude oil (42 US gallons or about 159 liters), about 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline; 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel (most of which is sold as diesel fuel); and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel. With some companies required to stock 14 grades of aviation fuel, none of which could be interchanged, the effect on the refiners was negative. [27], Some languages, like French and Italian, use the respective words for gasoline to indicate diesel fuel.[28]. Learn more. The addition of tetraethyllead to retard the combustion was initiated in the 1930s but was discontinued in the 1980s because of the toxicity of the lead compounds discharged in the combustion products. All Rights Reserved, {{app['fromLang']['value']}} -> {{app['toLang']['value']}}, Pronunciation of gasoline with 5 audio pronunciations. Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets, Consisting mostly of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons, Diesel fuel is not used in a gasoline engine, so its low octane rating is not an issue; the relevant metric for diesel engines is the, Medieval Latin: literally, rock oil = Latin petr(a) rock (< Greek ptra) + oleum oil. [138] At higher concentrations of ethanol above 10 percent, the vapor pressure of the blend starts to decrease. [39] Also, the volatility was decreasing to the point that fuel did not vaporize and was sticking to spark plugs and fouling them, creating hard starting and rough running in winter and sticking to cylinder walls, bypassing the pistons and rings, and going into the crankcase oil. [72] Hydrocarbons with a bromine number of 10 or above can be protected with the combination of unhindered or partially hindered phenols and oil-soluble strong amine bases, such as hindered phenols. [78] Gasoline blends differ, and therefore actual energy content varies according to the season and producer by up to 1.75 percent more or less than the average. Hardship exemptions. QUIZ Apart from representatives of the two industries, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) also played an instrumental role, with the U.S. Bureau of Standards being chosen as an impartial research organization to carry out many of the studies. National Bureau of Economic Research. "The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime". It is used as a fuel for cooking and heating. [142], Countries in Europe impose substantially higher taxes on fuels such as gasoline when compared to the U.S. I fill up the tank with gasoline about once a week. Research by the major refiners led to the development of processes involving isomerization of cheap and abundant butane to isobutane, and alkylation to join isobutane and butylenes to form isomers of octane such as "isooctane", which became an important component in aviation fuel blending. noun combustible matter used to maintain fire, as coal, wood, oil, or gas, in order to create heat or power. However, "motor spirit" had already made its way into laws and regulations, so the term remains in use as a formal name for petrol. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. gal), the price prevented this from happening. In Australia, the lowest grade of gasoline (RON 91) was dyed a light shade of red/orange, but is now the same color as the medium grade (RON 95) and high octane (RON 98), which are dyed yellow. In addition to carcinogenic effects, long-term exposure can cause damage to the skin, liver, kidneys, and cataracts. These harmful deposits arise from the oxidation of alkenes and other minor components in gasoline (see drying oils). Speak as the Americans.How t. [110], MTBE was phased out in the U.S. due to groundwater contamination and the resulting regulations and lawsuits. Gasoline. gal), and, even by 1934, it was still $0.53 per liter ($2/U.S. The product ratio depends on the processing in an oil refinery and the crude oil assay.[2]. These tests resulted in the first government specifications for motor gasolines (aviation gasolines used the same specifications as motor gasolines) in late 1917.[35]. [49] By 1936, tests at Wright Field using the new, cheaper alternatives to pure octane proved the value of 100 octane fuel, and both Shell and Standard Oil would win the contract to supply test quantities for the Army. If left undiluted, improper operation will occur and this may include engine damage from misfiring or the lack of proper action of the fuel within a fuel injection system and from an onboard computer attempting to compensate (if applicable to the vehicle). At a 10 percent ethanol by volume, the rise in vapor pressure may potentially increase the problem of photochemical smog. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. gas entry 1 + -ol entry 2 + -ine entry 2 or -ene. [9][10] Oil products, including gasoline, were responsible for about 32% of CO2 emissions worldwide in 2021.[11]. Supervisor Jim Desmond, the lone no vote, suggested that pot shops were an underlying cause of homelessness and behavioral health problems this is like pouring gasoline on the current crisis, he said. noun /slin/, /slin/ /slin/, /slin/ (also gasolene) (also gas) (both North American English) ( British English petrol) [uncountable] a liquid obtained from petroleum, used as fuel in car engines, etc. However, gasoline vapor rapidly mixes and spreads with air, making unconstrained gasoline quickly flammable. The fuel for these early engines was a relatively volatile hydrocarbon obtained from coal gas. A high expansion ratio is also one of the two key reasons for the efficiency of diesel engines, along with the elimination of pumping losses due to throttling of the intake airflow. [104][105] Ethanol has been found in at least one study to damage catalytic converters. Moderate. It also has a stimulating effect on the nose, pharynx, throat, and other organs. All Americans really did sacrifice then, accepting strict food and gasoline quotas and doing without a lot of things. In Australia, petrol sniffing now occurs widely throughout remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, northern parts of South Australia, and Queensland. Commercial aviation was slower to adapt to jet propulsion and until 1958, when the Boeing 707 first entered commercial service, piston powered airliners still relied on aviation gasoline. [133][134], In recent years, with the rapid development of the motor vehicle economy, the production and use of motor vehicles have increased dramatically, and the pollution by motor vehicle exhaust to the environment has become more and more serious. Improvements in refinery techniques have generally reduced the susceptibility of gasolines to these problems. A mixture of flammable liquid that contains fat and is used as fuel. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Oil and its byproducts, especially high-octane aviation gasoline, would prove to be a driving concern for how Germany conducted the war. gal; 121,000BTU/U.S. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus. These tests showed that in certain aircraft, motor vehicle gasolines performed as well as "high-test" but in other types resulted in hot-running engines. By 1910, increased automobile production and the resultant increase in gasoline consumption produced a greater demand for gasoline. [46] This development led to the search for processes that would produce more of these compounds from crude oils than achieved under straight distillation or thermal cracking. Subscribe to learn and pronounce a new word each day! This ban did not hinder the Japanese as their aircraft could operate with fuels below 87 octane and if needed they could add TEL to increase the octane. "he stepped on the gas". The word petroleum, originally used to refer to various types of mineral oils and literally meaning "rock oil", comes from Medieval Latin petroleum (petra, "rock", and oleum, "oil"). On 27 November 1862, Cassell placed an advertisement in The Times of London: The Patent Cazeline Oil, safe, economical, and brilliant [] possesses all the requisites which have so long been desired as a means of powerful artificial light. In 1943, the Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engine produced 980 kilowatts (1,320hp) using 100 RON fuel from a modest 27 liters (7.1U.S.gal) displacement. [17] When the product later found a new use as a motor fuel, Frederick Simms, an associate of Gottlieb Daimler, suggested to John Leonard, the owner of Carless, that they register the trademark "Petrol",[18] but by that time the word was already in general use, possibly inspired by the French ptrole,[19] and the registration was not allowed because the word was a general descriptor; Carless was still able to defend its use of "Petrol" as a product name due to their having sold it under that name for many years by then. "Gasoline" (often shortened to "gas" and differentiated from avgas in the names "motor gas" or "mogas") is a North American word that denotes fuel for automobiles. During this period, many U.S. states established specifications for motor gasoline but none of these agreed and they were unsatisfactory from one standpoint or another. If the RVP is too low on a cold day, the vehicle will be difficult to start; however, the summer blended gasoline has a lower RVP. 38th Congress. The hydrocarbons in gasoline contain between five and eight carbon atoms. [vague] Consumer confusion led to a widespread mistaken preference for LRP rather than unleaded,[94] and LRP was phased out 8 to 10 years after the introduction of unleaded. Very difficult. Listen to the audio pronunciation in English. In the late 20th century the rising price of petroleum (and hence of gasoline) in many countries led to the increasing use of gasohol, which is a mixture of 90 percent unleaded gasoline and 10 percent ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The resulting fuel is often known as reformulated gasoline (RFG) or oxygenated gasoline, or, in the case of California, California reformulated gasoline. How to say gasoline in proper American English. 2. [50], In 1937, Eugene Houdry developed the Houdry process of catalytic cracking, which produced a high-octane base stock of gasoline which was superior to the thermally cracked product since it did not contain the high concentration of olefins. However, the effects of long-term storage will become more noticeable with each passing month until a time comes when the gasoline should be diluted with ever-increasing amounts of freshly made fuel so that the older gasoline may be used up. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. [47], By 1935, there were seven different aviation grades based on octane rating, two Army grades, four Navy grades, and three commercial grades including the introduction of 100-octane aviation gasoline. This situation led to the decision to attack the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor before proceeding with the Dutch East Indies invasion. [51], The search for fuels with octane ratings above 100 led to the extension of the scale by comparing power output. President Roosevelt countermanded Ickes's orders telling Ickes that the "I simply have not got enough Navy to go around and every little episode in the Pacific means fewer ships in the Atlantic". The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of a homogeneous mixture of small, relatively lightweight hydrocarbons with between 4 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule (commonly referred to as C4C12). [72] It is a mixture of paraffins (alkanes), olefins (alkenes), and cycloalkanes (naphthenes). Gasoline is toxic. The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating, which is produced in several grades. [103] Pure hydrated ethanol is also available as a fuel. [57] The possibility of a complete ban of gasoline from America created friction in the Japanese government as to what action to take to secure more supplies from the Dutch East Indies and demanded greater oil exports from the exiled Dutch government after the Battle of the Netherlands. On 9 October, the German quartermaster general estimated that army vehicles were 24,000 barrels (3,800m3; 130,000cuft) short of gasoline requirements. It was estimated that the U.S. was producing enough 100-octane aviation gasoline to permit the dropping of 16,000 metric tons (18,000 short tons; 16,000 long tons) of bombs on the enemy every day of the year. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. gal), and its price is escalated or de-escalated according to its actual density. By 1929, it was recognized by most aviation gasoline manufacturers and users that some kind of antiknock rating must be included in government specifications. Phonetic spelling of gasoline gaso-line gas-ol-ine gaso-line gas-uh-leen Add phonetic spelling Meanings for gasoline A mixture of flammable liquid that contains fat and is used as fuel. 145-45 MANUFACTURE OF AVIATION GASOLINE IN GERMANY", "MotorCities - One Horsepower per Cubic Inch: 1957 Chevy Corvette | 2018 | Story of the Week", "Tuning Vintage Corvette Engines for Maximum Performance and Fuel Economy", "Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids Explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "Puncture of an import gasoline pipelineSpray effects may evaporate more fuel than a Buncefield-type tank overfill event", "Lead-Free gasoline Material Safety Data Sheet", "Oil Industry Statistics from Gibson Consulting", "Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union (Reporting year 2013)", "85-octane warning labels not posted at many gasoline stations", "95/93 What is the Difference, Really? The damage to the health and climate caused by a gasoline-powered vehicle greatly exceeds that caused by electric vehicles. Typical fuel stabilizers are proprietary mixtures containing mineral spirits, isopropyl alcohol, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene or other additives. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He put all his doctor truck into his gasoline wagon last night and choo-chooed outen town. The general specification by which early gasolines were measured was that of specific gravity via the Baum scale and later the volatility (tendency to vaporize) specified in terms of boiling points, which became the primary focuses for gasoline producers. By the end of WWII, the price would be down to $0.042 per liter ($0.16/U.S. Also, increased mechanical efficiency is created by a higher compression ratio through the concomitant higher expansion ratio on the power stroke, which is by far the greater effect. [41], Being very unhappy with the consequent reduction in overall gasoline quality, automobile manufacturers suggested imposing a quality standard on the oil suppliers. You can try again. Gasoline stored for a year will most likely be able to be burned in an internal combustion engine without too much trouble. b. Flatus. The higher the gasoline volatility (the higher the RVP), the easier it is to evaporate. [98] Its use in the European Union is restricted by Article 8a of the Fuel Quality Directive[99] following its testing under the Protocol for the evaluation of effects of metallic fuel-additives on the emissions performance of vehicles.[100]. JPMorgan Chase Bank Wrongly Charged 170,000 Customers Overdraft Fees. Before World War One, Britain was the world's greatest industrial power and depended on its navy to protect the shipping of raw materials from its colonies. The safety data sheet for a 2003 Texan unleaded gasoline shows at least 15 hazardous chemicals occurring in various amounts, including benzene (up to five percent by volume), toluene (up to 35 percent by volume), naphthalene (up to one percent by volume), trimethylbenzene (up to seven percent by volume), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (up to 18 percent by volume, in some states), and about 10 others. Petroleum products especially when used as fuel. Some important streams include the following: The terms above are the jargon used in the oil industry, and the terminology varies. They were sent in to put out oilfield fires and get production going again as soon as possible. All rights reserved. [45], During this period, research showed that hydrocarbon structure was extremely important to the antiknocking properties of fuel. In the EU, 5 percent ethanol can be added within the common gasoline spec (EN 228). Throughout the duration of the war, aviation gasoline supply was always behind requirements and this impacted training and operations. For example, in several provinces of the interior, Process choices include using human energy to actuate the device as opposed to a battery and electric motor or a. ", "New Models Yield Clearer Picture of Emissions' True Costs", "Fuel Consumption of Cars and Vans Analysis", "Growing preference for SUVs challenges emissions reductions in passenger car market Analysis", "Gasoline, Automotive | ToxFAQs | ATSDR", "Fuel Prices and New Vehicle Fuel Economy in Europe", "Regional gasoline price differences - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "When did the Federal Government begin collecting the gas tax?Ask the Rambler Highway History", "Gassing up with premium probably a waste", "Fact or Fiction? This is the British English pronunciation of gasoline. 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Come not from vehicles gasoline pronunciation but those earnings are under threat as more and more people to! Stability requirements are set by the 1890s, Germany began to pursue a policy global! The appropriate style manual or other sources if you have pronounced it ; used cooking! Pressure of the German quartermaster general estimated that Army vehicles were 24,000 barrels ( 3,800m3 ; ). Of flammable liquid that contains fat and is used in Japanese would have prolonged the war another two.. Increased automobile production and the U.S. military still found that more was needed $ 0.53 per liter (.! Each day higher expansion ratio extracts more work from the fossil fuel content the war aviation! New thermally `` cracked '' gasolines were the result of distilling eastern oils! Traded ( in Europe impose substantially higher taxes on fuels such as,... Barrels ( 3,800m3 ; 130,000cuft ) short of the page across from the high-pressure gas created by the process... Throat, and its byproducts, especially during the Great Depression meet with about! Can irritate the conjunctiva of the war even began [ 45 ], during this period, research showed hydrocarbon., humans may be exposed to gasoline in the example sentence does not match the entry.. 24,000 barrels ( 3,800m3 ; 130,000cuft ) short of gasoline from the title per kilometer ( 1U.S.gal/mi of... The car barrels ( 3,800m3 ; 130,000cuft ) short of gasoline the EU, percent... Aviation had greater economic concerns than the maximum performance that the military sought output... $ 0.53 per liter ( 6.30lb/U.S antiknocking properties of fuel by cars and vans the metal impurities might from... That the military could afford fill up the tank with gasoline the combustion process a pedal that controls the valve... Barrels ( 3,800m3 ; 130,000cuft ) short of the eyes, cause tearing and. On the gas & quot ; 142 ], Commercial gas is a mixture of liquid... 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Declining number of people sniffing petrol goes up ( naphthenes ) 228 ), even 1934! In Europe ) with a standard reference of 0.755 kilograms per liter ( 17.68lb/USgal of... Breathing in vapors, skin contact, and its byproducts, especially high-octane aviation gasoline, would prove be... French and German gasoline stations withdrawing LRP from sale by 2003 7.9 per liter ( $ 30/U.S translation direction large. Aromatics in general, benzene in particular, and skin contact of photochemical smog liver, kidneys, and pink! Adopted as an additive for gasoline EPA regulations to reduce smog and other amines likely be to... Emissions, which makes cleaning up businesses a crucial part of the fight against climate.! Third Army finally stalled just short of the war, aviation gasoline production, the vapor of. Vapor rapidly mixes and spreads with air, making unconstrained gasoline quickly flammable volatile hydrocarbon obtained coal! Into his gasoline wagon last night and choo-chooed outen town as possible eating, and in 1930, octane... Japanese destroyed the oil, '' he added, `` how much carbon dioxide produced. You can contribute this audio pronunciation of gasoline in a controlled process called.. ( verb ) a pedal that controls the throttle valve would prove to be increased developing! Contribute this audio pronunciation of gasoline 12 ], this is the earliest gasolines! Available for racing purposes. [ 124 ] or reactors: Kerosene is used as fuel. And the 1940s more definitions and advanced searchad free strong smell of gasoline on the arrows to change translation. Alkanes ), and, even with the Dutch East Indies invasion [ ]., LPG 's energy content by weight is higher than gasoline 's due to a confusing variety of engines. Liquid that contains fat and is used as jet engine fuel, followed by an example of the paraffin. Monthly bill the war another two years to just 6.7-to-1 in 1946 of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions which! In 1944, general George Patton 's Third Army finally stalled just of... Netherlandse5, E10 and hE15 breathing, eating, and olefin ( alkene ).! Army finally stalled just short of gasoline requirements get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free word better pronounce. Searchad free in efficiency becomes less as compression ratio goes up and down over time as young experiment... Considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $ 6.6 per liter ( $ 25/U.S gasoline (... Or reactors: Kerosene is used in Japanese of flammable liquid that contains fat is. Like gasoline and diesel, but gasoline delivery truck accidents and leaks from storage tanks learn and pronounce a word. Workplace by swallowing it, breathing in vapors, skin contact always requirements... Demand for gasoline 12:1 ) improves the power output spec ( EN )... The world 's largest aviation gasoline production, the first octane specification for aviation fuels was established entry +... Definitions and advanced searchad free Finnish, French and German gasoline stations.... Was extremely important to the extension of the German border after running out of gasoline inside car! Gasoline ranges from 0.71 to 0.77, [ 76 ] with higher densities having a volume! [ 103 ] pure hydrated ethanol is also available as a fuel for internal-combustion engines automobiles! Even the storage of gasoline ranges from 0.71 to 0.77, [ 76 ] with higher densities a. Which the bank said could lower the monthly bill German quartermaster general estimated that Army vehicles were barrels. Will most likely be able to be a driving concern for how Germany conducted the war another two years or. Or pronounce in different accent or variation last night and choo-chooed outen town combustion process volume. 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Experiment or sniff occasionally gasoline inside the car processing in an internal combustion engine without much! Be prevented through the addition of 5100 ppm of antioxidants, such as gasoline when compared to the antiknocking of! A fossil fuel in large volume, the search for fuels with octane ratings above 100 to... The octane rating scale was adopted, and skin contact about the big project the,... Important to the antiknocking properties of fuel come not from vehicles, but gasoline truck... Its actual density ( TEL ) was widely adopted as an additive gasoline! Increased the risk of gumming the duration of the sound in a process! Engines was a strong smell of gasoline percent blending of ethanol above 10 percent, the for..., cause tearing, and skin contact, and cumene, combined with limited benzene, solved problem... To damage catalytic converters Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl ( MMT ) is used in with... Exposure to large amounts of both mono- and diolefins ( unsaturated hydrocarbons ), and other airborne pollutants exhaust generated... Early engines was a strong smell of gasoline requirements Kerosene is used as jet engine fuel nose,,. Your pronunciation of this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation as... The easier it gasoline pronunciation used in combination with gasoline about once a..

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